Table A1.

Characteristics of mothers and infants in the source population (i.e., the full Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing baseline sample), the birth outcomes study population, and the infant outcomes study population.

Full Source Population (N = 4898)		Birth Outcomes Study Population (N = 3428)	Infant Outcomes Study Population (N = 3035)
Maternal factors (measured at birth)
Age
<20	853 (17%)	634 (18%)	583 (19%)
20–35	3585 (73%)	2484 (72%)	2180 (72%)
≥35	460 (9%)	310 (9%)	272 (9%)
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	1030 (21%)	664 (19%)	603 (20%)
Non-Hispanic Black	2326 (47%)	1641 (48%)	1455 (48%)
Hispanic	1336 (27%)	979 (29%)	854 (28%)
Other/missing	206 (4%)	144 (4%)	123 (4%)
% Federal Poverty
<50%	928 (19%)	652 (19%)	560 (18%)
50–99%	843 (17%)	612 (18%)	534 (18%)
100–199%	1262 (26%)	898 (26%)	799 (26%)
≥200%	1864 (38%)	1266 (37%)	1142 (38%)
Missing	1 (<1%)	0	0
Education
<High school	1699 (35%)	1258 (37%)	1076 (35%)
High school/GED	1480 (30%)	1031 (30%)	921 (30%)
Some college	1189 (24%)	803 (23%)	733 (24%)
≥College degree	524 (11%)	332 (10%)	303 (10%)
Missing	6 (<1%)	4 (<1%)	2 (<1%)
Married	1187 (24%)	793 (23%)	715 (24%)
Pre-pregnancy mental health problems	--	444 (13%)	376 (12%)
Substance use during
pregnancy
Tobacco	--	697 (20%)	599 (20%)
Alcohol	--	262 (8%)	225 (7%)
Drugs	--	332 (10%)	266 (9%)
Maternal preexisting conditions *	--	1441 (42%)	1281 (42%)
Infant factors
Female sex	2341 (48%)	1642 (48%)	1465 (48%)
Exposure
Severe housing insecurity during pregnancy	--	55 (2%)	39 (1%)
Birth Outcomes
Low birth weight or preterm	--	481 (14%)	398 (13%)
NICU stay or stepdown	--	554 (16%)	459 (15%)
Extended hospitalization after delivery	--	586 (17%)	499 (16%)

* hypertension, renal disease, diabetes, lung disease, heart disease, and/or anemia.