Table 5.
Molecular targeting and drug/gene-complexed bubble for BBB opening and therapeutic purpose.
| Ref | Core | Shell | Molecular Targeting | Drug/Gene Embedded in the Agent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [86] | air | polymer | NA | quercetin-modified sulfur nanoparticles-loaded bubble |
| [88] | C5F12 | polymer | des-octanoyl ghrelin-conjugated bubble | TGFβ1 inhibitor (LY364947)-loaded bubble |
| [89] | SF6 | lipid | NA | GDNFp/BDNFp-loaded liposome bound to bubble |
| [90] | SF6 | lipid | NA | ultrasound-sensitizing dye-incorporating nanoparticles bound to bubble |
| [110] | C3F8 | lipid | NGR-conjugated (targeting)/shBirc5-loaded (gene) liposome bound to bubble | |
| [104] | C3F8 | lipid | anti-VEGFR2 antibody-conjugated bubble | pLUC / pHSV-TK/GCV-loaded bubble |
| [109] | C3F8 | lipid | NA | SPIO-DOX-conjugated bubble |
| [111] | C3F8 | lipid | NA | GDNFp-loaded cationic bubble |
| [112] | C3F8 | lipid | NA | pDC315/Nrf2-loaded bubble |
| [107] | C3F8 | lipid | folate-conjugated bubble | pLUC-loaded bubble |
| [105] | C3F8 | lipid | NA | pPrestin-loaded bubble |
| [106] | C3F8 | lipid | NA | boron-containing polyanion nanoparticles coupled with cationic bubble |
| [125] | C3F8 | lipid | NA | PSPIO-GDNFp-loaded bubble |
| [113] | C3F8 | lipid | phosphatidylserine nanoparticles-microbubble complex | |
TGFβ1: transforming growth factor; GDNFp: a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor plasmid DNA; BDNFp: brain-derived neurotrophic factor plasmid DNA; NGR: Asn-Gly-Arg peptide; shBirc5: short hairpin RNA-Birc5 gene; VEGFR2: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; pLUC: plasmid DNA encoding luciferase gene; pHSV-TK/GCV: plasmid DNA encoding herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase/ganciclovir gene; SPIO-DOX: superparamagnetic iron oxide-doxorubicin complex; pDC315/Nrf2: plasmid DNA encoding DC315-nuclear factor E2-related factor 2; pPrestin: plasmid DNA encoding Prestin protein; PSPIO-GDNFp: superparamagnetic iron oxide coated with cationic polyethylenimine conjugated with plasmid DNA encoding glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; NA: Not applicable).