Table 3.

Plant virus-induced genome editing system.

	Viral Vectors	Guide RNA Design	Edited Plants	Inheritable
Dicot	cabbage leaf curl virus	U6p::gRNAScaffold::U6t inserted to the cloning site downstream of AL3	Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana over-expressing Cas9 [87]	No
	tobacco rattle virus	PEBV::gRNAScaffold-Rz inserted to pTRV2 vector [85]; A FT fragment inserted at the 3′-end of gRNA resulting in a mobile sgRNA [97]	Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana over-expressing Cas9 [85,97]	Yes
	bean yellow dwarf virus	Replacing MP and CP with U6::gRNAscaffold::U6t and 35S::Cas9; Agrobacterium-based transformation required for delivery	Wildtype Nicotiana tabacum [84]	NA
			Wildtype potato (Tetraploid and diploid) [88,89]	Via tissue culture [88]
			Wildtype tomato [90]	NA
	tobacco mosaic virus	A fragment containing the gRNAScaffold with or without a Rz inserted to the TRBO vector; 35S::Cas9 expressed from a different binary vector	Nicotiana benthamiana 16C [91]	NA
	potato virus X	gRNAScaffold driven by PVX CP promoter; tRNA flanking not needed	Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana over-expressing Cas9 [93]	Via tissue culture
	sonchus yellow net rhabdovirus	gRNAScaffold (flanked by tRNAs) and Cas9 inserted between N and P genes under the control of duplicated N/P junction sequences	Wildtype Nicotiana benthamiana [92]	Yes
	beet necrotic yellow vein virus	gRNAScaffold fused to the 3′-end of the p31 ORF	Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana over-expressing Cas9 [95]	NA
	foxtail mosaic virus vectors	U6p::gRNAScaffold or Cas9 inserted between duplicated CP subgenomic promoters; Mixing of gRNA and Cas9 clones for infection [86]	Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana over-expressing Cas9 [104] or tomato bushy stunt virus P19 [86]	Yes if directly inoculating seeds [86]
	barley stripe mosaic virus	See below	Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana over-expressing Cas9 [96]	Via tissue culture
Monocot	foxtail mosaic virus vectors	Inserting gRNAScaffold after a duplicated ORF5 promoter	Transgenic maize over-expressing Cas9 [104]	NA
			Transgenic Setaria viridis over-expressing Cas9 [104]	No
	wheat dwarf virus (WDV)	Replacing the MP and CP genes with Ubi::Cas9 and U6p::gRNAscaffold; T-DNA insertion procedures required	Wildtype wheat [105]	NA
		Replacing MP and CP with U6p::gRNAscaffold; Adding Ubi::Cas9::NOS in the binary vector but outside of the WDV replicon	Wildtype rice and transgenic rice over-expressing Cas9 [106]	NA
	barley stripe mosaic virus	Replacing CP with sgγ::gRNAScaffold in RNAβ or inserting gRNAScaffold immediately downstream of γb in RNAγ	Transgenic wheat over-expressing Cas9 [96]	NA
			Transgenic maize over-expressing Cas9 [96]	NA

NOTE: U6p: U6 promoter; U6t: U6 terminator; PEBV: pea early-browning virus; Rz: ribozyme; FT: flowering locus T; MP: movement protein; CP: coat protein; Ubi: ubiquitin. NA: Not Assessed.