Table 1.
Percentage inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and α-glucosidase by CPH-digests (CPHD) peptide fractions.
| Fraction | ACE (%) | DPP-IV (%) | α-Glucosidase (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size exclusion | S1 | 32.3 ± 0.31 a | 19.3 ± 2.52 a | 62.2 ± 1.09 a |
| S2 | 28.8 ± 0.02 b | 16.98 ± 0.30 a | 25.9 ± 2.54 b | |
| S3 | 47.5 ± 0.87 c | 20.6 ± 0.61 a | 83.6 ± 1.14 c | |
| S4 | 73.9 ± 1.12 d | 68.0 ± 2.52 b | 89.5 ± 0.91 d | |
| Reverse-phase | F1 | 25.4 ± 0.6 e | 5.1 ± 0.01 c | 9.4 ± 0.36 e |
| F2 | 29.4 ± 0.04 g | 15.3 ± 2.70 d | 11.6 ± 0.04 f | |
| F3 | 67.2 ± 0.12 h | 18.4 ± 0.59 a | 8.4 ± 0.47 g | |
| F4 | 32.2 ± 0.19 a | 17.1 ± 1.61 a | 7.3 ± 1.51 h | |
| F5 | 47.4 ± 0.5 c | 21.0 ± 1.96 a | 22.3 ± 2.79 i | |
| F6 | 93.4 ± 0.08 i | 26.98 ± 1.63 e | 48.2 ± 5.79 j | |
| Positive inhibitor | Captopril | 98.0 ± 0.01 j | n.a | n.a |
| Ile-Leu-Pro | n.a | 88.9 ±6.05 f | n.a | |
| Acarbose | n.a | n.a | 70.9 ± 0.43 k |
Results are reported as the percentage of inhibiting activity and is expressed as a mean of least triplicate (n = 3) determinations, with standard deviation. S1–S4 are fractions collected from the gel filtration column. F1–F6 are fractions collected from the reverse phase C18 column. Captopril, peptide Ile-Leu-Pro, and Acarbose are commercially available therapeutic options to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme II, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4, and α-glucosidase, respectively. n.a. = not applicable. CPHD = CPH after simulated digestion with gastrointestinal enzymes. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences between fractions within assays (p < 0.05).