Table 1.
Chemical composition of investigated essential oils (EOs).
| S. kitaibelii | T. serpyllum | O. vulgare ssp. vulgare | A. millefolium | A. clypeolata | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compound | RI | % | RI | % | RI | % | RI | % | RI | % |
| Tricyclene | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 927 | 0.1 |
| 1-Octen-3-ol | - | nd | 981 | 0.2 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| α-Thujene | 919 | 0.2 | - | nd | 915 | 0.1 | 928 | 0.2 | 929 | 0.1 |
| α-Pinene | 927 | 2.5 | - | nd | 926 | 1.5 | 935 | 0.7 | 936 | 1.1 |
| Camphene | 945 | 1.1 | - | nd | 944 | 0.9 | 949 | 0.4 | 950 | 2.3 |
| Thuja-2,4(10)-diene | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 955 | 0.1 |
| Sabinene | 966 | 0.2 | - | nd | 967 | 14.0 | 974 | 2.8 | 975 | 0.3 |
| β-Pinene | 971 | 0.5 | - | nd | 971 | 3.9 | 978 | 1.5 | 979 | 1.4 |
| Myrcene | 988 | 0.8 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| dehydro-1,8-Cineole | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 991 | 0.2 | 993 | 0.1 |
| 3-Octanol | 994 | 0.1 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| α-Phellandrene | 1005 | 0.2 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| α-Terpinene | 1015 | 0.9 | - | nd | - | nd | 1015 | 0.4 | 1016 | 0.6 |
| p-Cymene | 1022 | 24.4 | - | nd | - | nd | 1022 | 0.9 | 1022 | 3.1 |
| β-Phellandrene | - | nd | - | nd | 1026 | 1.6 | - | nd | - | nd |
| Limonene | 1026 | 13.5 | - | nd | - | nd | 1027 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| 1,8-Cineole | 1028 | 1.0 | - | nd | 1028 | 14.2 | 1028 | 5.6 | 1028 | 45.1 |
| cis-β-Ocimene | 1032 | 2.3 | - | nd | 1033 | 6.8 | - | nd | - | nd |
| trans-β-Ocimene | 1042 | 1.8 | - | nd | 1043 | 4.5 | - | nd | - | nd |
| γ-Terpinene | 1052 | 3.3 | - | nd | 1052 | 0.4 | 1052 | 1.1 | 1053 | 1.2 |
| cis-Sabinene hydrate | 1060 | 2.4 | - | nd | - | nd | 1060 | 0.4 | - | nd |
| Terpinolene | 1081 | 0.4 | - | nd | - | nd | 1080 | 0.3 | - | nd |
| p-Mentha-2,4(8)-diene | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1081 | 0.2 |
| Linalool | 1092 | 8.3 | 1098 | 0.2 | - | nd | 1092 | 4.2 | 1092 | 0.4 |
| n-Nonanal | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1096 | 0.2 | - | nd |
| cis-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol | 1112 | 0.3 | - | nd | - | nd | 1113 | 0.2 | 1114 | 0.2 |
| Chrysanthenone | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1116 | 0.2 | - | nd |
| Nerol oxide | - | nd | 1155 | 0.1 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| α-Campholenal | 1118 | 0.1 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1119 | 0.2 |
| trans-Pinocarveol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1132 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| trans-p-Menth-2-en-1ol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1133 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| Camphor | 1137 | 0.4 | - | nd | - | nd | 1138 | 9.8 | 1136 | 18.2 |
| Pinocarvone | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1155 | 0.7 | - | nd |
| cis-Chrysanthenol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1156 | 0.3 |
| Borneol | 1160 | 4.9 | 1167 | 0.1 | 1160 | 1.2 | 1159 | 1.6 | 1159 | 2.7 |
| δ-Terpineol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1161 | 0.6 |
| cis-Pinocamphone | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1167 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| Menthol | 1167 | 0.1 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| Terpinen-4-ol | 1172 | 3.4 | - | nd | 1172 | 0.3 | 1173 | 6.3 | 1172 | 2.8 |
| Thuj-3-en-10-al | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1179 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| p-Cymen-8-ol | 1181 | 0.2 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| trans-p-Mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol | 1184 | 0.1 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| α-Terpineol | 1187 | 0.4 | - | nd | 1187 | 0.7 | 1186 | 1.3 | 1186 | 2.4 |
| Myrtenol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1189 | 0.2 | - | nd |
| Myrtenal | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1191 | 0.4 | 1192 | 0.3 |
| cis-Dihydro carvone | 1193 | 0.7 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| trans-Dihydro carvone | 1201 | 1.8 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| trans-Carveol | 1216 | 0.3 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| Isobornylformate | 1225 | 0.1 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| cis-Carveol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1226 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| trans-Chrysanthenyl acetate | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1231 | 0.2 | - | nd |
| Nerol | - | nd | 1233 | 18.9 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| Cumin aldehyde | 1237 | 0.2 | - | nd | - | nd | 1235 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| Thymol, methyl ether | - | nd | 1239 | 0.2 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| Carvacrol, methyl ether | 1241 | 0.7 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| Neral | - | nd | 1245 | 0.7 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| cis-Chrysanthenyl acetate | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1257 | 0.4 | - | nd |
| Geraniol | - | nd | 1258 | 63.4 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| Geranial | - | nd | 1275 | 1.2 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| Bornyl acetate | - | nd | - | nd | 1286 | 0.1 | 1282 | 0.4 | - | nd |
| Thymol | 1291 | 0.2 | 1298 | 0.1 | - | nd | 1288 | 0.6 | 1290 | 0.9 |
| Carvacrol | 1299 | 2.3 | - | nd | - | nd | 1298 | 1.1 | 1300 | 0.5 |
| p-Mentha-1,4,-dien-7-ol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1325 | 0.2 | - | nd |
| Methyl geranate | - | nd | 1328 | 0.2 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| trans-Carvyl acetate | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1334 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| Eugenol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1354 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| cis-Carvyl acetate | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1359 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| Neryl acetate | - | nd | 1368 | 0.3 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| α-Copaene | 1371 | 0.3 | - | nd | - | nd | 1373 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| β-Bourbonene | 1383 | 0.9 | - | nd | 1384 | 1.9 | 1387 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| Geranyl acetate | - | nd | 1388 | 4.7 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| β-Elemene | 1390 | 0.2 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| cis-Jasmone | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1395 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| Methyl eugenol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1401 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| trans-Caryophyllene | 1418 | 2.8 | 1425 | 4.6 | 1420 | 13.4 | 1418 | 4.7 | 1417 | 0.5 |
| β-Copaene | 1428 | 0.2 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| cis-β-Farnesene | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1441 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| α-Humulene | 1453 | 0.1 | 1459 | 0.2 | 1454 | 2.1 | 1441 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| trans-β-Farnesene | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1455 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| allo-Aromadendrene | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1458 | 1.3 |
| 9-epi-trans-Caryophyllene | - | nd | - | nd | 1461 | 0.5 | 1459 | 0.4 | - | nd |
| γ-Muurolene | 1476 | 0.1 | - | nd | - | nd | 1473 | 0.3 | - | nd |
| Germacrene D | 1481 | 3.6 | 1487 | 0.3 | 1486 | 21.5 | 1480 | 2.9 | 1484 | 1.2 |
| β-Selinene | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1484 | 0.2 | - | nd |
| trans-Muurola-4(14),5-diene | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1490 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| epi-Cubebol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1493 | 0.5 | - | nd |
| Bicyclogermacrene | 1497 | 1.4 | - | nd | 1497 | 1.7 | - | nd | - | nd |
| β-Bisabolene | 1508 | 1.0 | 1515 | 2.0 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| (trans, trans)-α-Farnesene | - | nd | - | nd | 1509 | 0.7 | - | nd | - | nd |
| γ-Cadinene | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1512 | 1.1 | 1512 | 1.2 |
| δ-Cadinene | 1523 | 0.2 | - | nd | 1524 | 1.1 | - | nd | 1522 | 0.2 |
| α-Calacorene | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1540 | 0.3 | - | nd |
| Elemol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1546 | 0.7 | - | nd |
| trans-Nerolidol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1560 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| Geranyl butanoate | - | nd | 1565 | 0.2 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| Germacrene D-4-ol | - | nd | - | nd | 1575 | 0.8 | - | nd | - | nd |
| ar-Tumerol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1575 | 0.6 | - | nd |
| Spathulenol | 1575 | 2.0 | - | nd | 1577 | 0.6 | - | nd | 1573 | 0.4 |
| Caryophyllene oxide | 1581 | 2.9 | 1587 | 0.9 | 1583 | 3.9 | 1580 | 6.5 | 1582 | 3.2 |
| Viridiflorol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1587 | 0.5 | - | nd |
| Salvial-4(14)-en-1-one | 1591 | 0.1 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| Ledol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1596 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| Geranyl isovalerate | - | nd | 1606 | 0.2 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| Humulene epoxide II + β-Oplopenone | - | nd | - | nd | 1606 | 0.3 | 1603 | 0.6 | 1603 | 0.2 |
| Muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1-β-ol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1622 | 0.3 |
| γ-Eudesmol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1626 | 1.5 | - | nd |
| Caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5-α-ol | - | nd | 1640 | 0.4 | - | nd | 1631 | 1.8 | 1630 | 0.7 |
| epi-α-Cadinol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1635 | 2.4 |
| epi-α-Murrolol (=tau-muurolol) | - | nd | - | nd | 1640 | 0.4 | 1636 | 3.3 | - | nd |
| β-Eudesmol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1646 | 2.4 | - | nd |
| α-Cadinol | - | nd | - | nd | 1654 | 0.9 | 1648 | 1.2 | 1648 | 1.5 |
| 14-hydroxy-9-epi-trans-Caryophyllene | 1669 | 0.3 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| α-Bisabolol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1678 | 0.3 | - | nd |
| Germacra-4(15),5,10(14) -trien-1-α-ol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1681 | 1.7 | - | nd |
| Eudesma-4(15),7-dien-1-β-ol | 1684 | 0.4 | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd |
| Curcuphenol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1711 | 0.2 | - | nd |
| 2-cis,6-trans Farnesol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1715 | 0.2 | - | nd |
| Chamazulene | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1724 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| 6R,7R-Bisabolone | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1739 | 1.2 | - | nd |
| β-Costol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1761 | 0.3 | - | nd |
| 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-Pentadecanone | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1840 | 0.2 | - | nd |
| Heptadecanal | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 1913 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| Heneicosane | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 2100 | 0.2 | - | nd |
| Phytol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 2123 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| (cis, cis)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 2148 | 0.1 | - | nd |
| trans-Geranylgeraniol | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 2172 | 0.3 | - | nd |
| Tricosane | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 2301 | 0.6 | - | nd |
| Pentacosane | - | nd | - | nd | - | nd | 2497 | 0.4 | - | nd |
| Heptacosane | 2701 | 0.1 | - | nd | - | nd | 2701 | 0.2 | - | nd |
| Nonacosane | 2896 | 0.1 | 2895 | 0.1 | - | nd | 2909 | 0.3 | - | nd |
| Total | 96.8 | 99.2 | 100.0 | 80.5 | 98.3 | |||||
RI—retention index on a HP-5MS column; nd—not detected.