Figure 3.

SA inhibits MAPK signaling in PE-induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. (A) The expression levels of total MAPK proteins (MEK, ERK1/2, and JNK) and phosphorylated forms of MAPK proteins (p-MEK, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK) were measured by Western blot analysis. (B) The band densities were measured by using NIH ImageJ software. β-actin was used as a loading control. The analyses were performed in triplicate, using three independent samples. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Significance was assessed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Bonferroni post hoc test. ^### P < 0.001 vs. the control group; ^* P < 0.05 and ^** P < 0.01, and ^*** P < 0.001 vs. the PE-only treated group. Veh, vehicle-treated; SA100, SA200, and SA400, 100, 200, and 400 μM SA-treated groups, respectively; MEK, MAPK/ERK kinase; PE, phenylephrine; Cont, control; SA, sinapic acid.