| APC | Adenomatous polyposis coli |
| BCL-2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| PI3K/AKT | Phosphoinositide 3-kinases/ Protein Kinase B |
| PARP | Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-β |
| TCF/LEF | T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor |