Table 2.
Presentation characteristics and in-hospital patient management and outcomes stratified by sex
| Presentation characteristics by sex | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Men | Women | P-value |
| Symptoms | |||
| Chest pain | 1485 (89.9%) | 352 (88.0%) | 0.25 |
| Shortness of breath | 524 (31.0%) | 148 (36.6%) | 0.028 |
| Radiation to arm/jaw/neck | 710 (41.9%) | 204 (50.5%) | 0.002 |
| Palpitations | 47 (2.8%) | 29 (7.2%) | <0.001 |
| Heartburn | 147 (8.7%) | 37 (9.2%) | 0.76 |
| Nausea | 689 (40.7%) | 185 (45.8%) | 0.062 |
| Fatigue | 45 (2.7%) | 22 (5.4%) | 0.004 |
| Pain at rest | 383 (22.6%) | 92 (22.8%) | 0.95 |
| Time-to-hospital presentation | |||
| <6 h | 1124 (68.0%) | 273 (68.1%) | 0.96 |
| 6–24 h | 236 (14.3%) | 55 (13.7%) | 0.78 |
| 1–3 days | 56 (3.4%) | 16 (4.0%) | 0.55 |
| >3 days | 36 (2.2%) | 7 (1.7%) | 0.59 |
| Unknown | 202 (12.2%) | 50 (12.5%) | 0.89 |
| Stuttering of chest pain | |||
| None | 753 (45.5%) | 195 (48.6%) | 0.26 |
| <1 day | 188 (11.4%) | 47 (11.7%) | 0.84 |
| 1–3 days | 167 (10.1%) | 34 (8.5%) | 0.33 |
| 4–7 days | 142 (8.6%) | 24 (6.0%) | 0.086 |
| >7 days | 262 (15.8%) | 66 (16.5%) | 0.76 |
| Unknown | 181 (10.7%) | 38 (9.4%) | 0.45 |
| Physical exam | |||
| Jugular venous distension | 47 (2.8%) | 14 (3.5%) | 0.46 |
| Crackles/pulmonary oedema | 114 (6.7%) | 39 (9.7%) | 0.043 |
| Pedal oedema | 49 (2.9%) | 24 (5.9%) | 0.003 |
| No CHF findings | 1267 (74.8%) | 295 (73.0%) | 0.45 |
| Unknown | 205 (12.1%) | 43 (10.6%) | 0.41 |
| In-hospital cardiac procedures | |||
| Invasive coronary angiography performed | 1597 (96.7%) | 374 (93.5%) | 0.003 |
| Revascularization performed | 1479 (92.6%) | 307 (82.1%) | <0.001 |
| PCIa | 1302 (76.9%) | 266 (65.8%) | <0.001 |
| CABG | 145 (8.6%) | 32 (7.9%) | 0.68 |
| Medications at dischargeb | |||
| Aspirin | 1573 (95.0%) | 368 (92.2%) | 0.027 |
| P2Y12 inhibitors | 1368 (82.7%) | 308 (77.2%) | 0.011 |
| Beta-blockers | 1525 (92.1%) | 350 (87.7%) | 0.005 |
| ACEI/ARB | 1054 (63.7%) | 213 (53.4%) | <0.001 |
| Diuretics | 169 (10.2%) | 55 (13.8%) | 0.040 |
| Statins | 1497 (88.4%) | 333 (82.4%) | <0.001 |
| None | 158 (9.5%) | 66 (16.5%) | |
| Low | 56 (3.4%) | 15 (3.8%) | |
| Medium | 601 (36.3%) | 158 (39.6%) | |
| High | 840 (50.8%) | 160 (40.1%) | |
| Ezetimibe | 22 (1.3%) | 4 (1.0%) | 0.61 |
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CHF, congestive heart failure; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
a
Percutaneous coronary intervention includes angioplasty, stenting, POBA, aspiration thrombectomy.
b
For the 2054 patients (1655 men and 399 women) who survived their index hospital stay.