Table 1.
Distribution of baseline characteristics (among men)
| Characteristic | Weight gain* (n=329) | No weight gain (n=949) | P-value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 36.4±11.3 | 44.3±11.9 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | <0.001 | ||
| <25.0 | 126 (38.3) | 596 (62.8) | |
| ≥25.0 | 203 (61.7) | 353 (37.2) | |
| Smoking status | 0.896 | ||
| Non-current smoker | 196 (59.6) | 571 (60.2) | |
| Current smoker | 133 (40.4) | 378 (39.8) | |
| Alcohol intake (time/mo) | 0.603 | ||
| <1 | 77 (23.4) | 238 (25.1) | |
| ≥1 | 252 (76.6) | 711 (74.9) | |
| Household income | 0.284 | ||
| Low | 32 (9.7) | 73 (15.6) | |
| Mid-low | 83 (25.2) | 216 (22.8) | |
| Mid-high | 106 (32.2) | 298 (31.4) | |
| High | 108 (32.8) | 362 (38.1) | |
| Education level | <0.001 | ||
| Elementary school or lower | 8 (2.4) | 59 (6.2) | |
| Middle school | 15 (4.9) | 68 (7.2) | |
| High school | 148 (45.0) | 312 (32.9) | |
| University or higher | 157 (47.7) | 510 (53.7) | |
| Stress awareness | 0.004 | ||
| Stress aware | 215 (65.3) | 700 (73.8) | |
| Non-stress aware | 114 (34.7) | 249 (26.2) | |
| 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire | 0.281 | ||
| Normal (<10) | 315 (95.7) | 921 (97.0) | |
| Depressed (≥10) | 14 (4.3) | 28 (3.0) | |
| Sleeping time | 428.6±67.2 | 426.6±67.9 | 0.641 |
| Physical activity | 1.000 | ||
| No | 159 (48.3) | 459 (48.4) | |
| Yes | 170 (51.7) | 490 (51.6) | |
| Dietary pattern | |||
| Skipping breakfast (times/wk) | <0.001 | ||
| <3 | 135 (41.0) | 561 (59.1) | |
| ≥3 | 194 (59.0) | 388 (40.9) | |
| Eating out (times/wk) | 0.084 | ||
| <1 | 20 (6.1) | 88 (9.3) | |
| ≥1 | 309 (93.9) | 861 (90.7) |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation for continuous variables or number (%) for categorical variables.
*
The weight gain group was defined as a weight gain of 3 kg or more over a 1-year period.
†
Calculated using a Pearson’s chi-square test.