Table 2.
Distribution of baseline characteristics (among women)
| Characteristic | Weight gain* (n=633) | No weight gain (n=1,252) | P-value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 40.5±11.5 | 43.8±12.5 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | <0.001 | ||
| <25.0 | 377 (59.6) | 1,019 (81.4) | |
| ≥25.0 | 256 (40.4) | 233 (18.6) | |
| Menopause | <0.001 | ||
| No | 489 (77.3) | 815 (65.1) | |
| Yes | 144 (22.7) | 437 (34.9) | |
| Smoking status | 0.023 | ||
| Non-current smoker | 584 (92.3) | 1,189 (95.0) | |
| Current smoker | 49 (7.7) | 63 (5.0) | |
| Alcohol intake (time/mo) | 0.032 | ||
| <1 | 291 (46.0) | 642 (51.3) | |
| ≥1 | 342 (54.0) | 610 (48.7) | |
| Household income | 0.407 | ||
| Low | 59 (9.3) | 104 (8.3) | |
| Mid-low | 161 (25.4) | 296 (23.6) | |
| Mid-high | 204 (32.2) | 391 (31.2) | |
| High | 209 (33.0) | 461 (36.8) | |
| Education level | 0.012 | ||
| Elementary school or lower | 50 (7.9) | 121 (9.7) | |
| Middle school | 54 (8.5) | 112 (8.9) | |
| High school | 214 (33.8) | 494 (39.5) | |
| University or higher | 315 (49.8) | 525 (41.9) | |
| Stress awareness | <0.001 | ||
| Stress aware | 404 (63.8) | 904 (72.2) | |
| Non-stress aware | 229 (36.2) | 348 (27.8) | |
| 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire | 0.024 | ||
| Normal (<10) | 587 (92.7) | 1,194 (95.4) | |
| Depressed (≥10) | 46 (7.3) | 58 (4.6) | |
| Sleeping time | 434.7±74.3 | 434.5±72.3 | 0.952 |
| Physical activity | 0.045 | ||
| No | 359 (56.7) | 649 (51.8) | |
| Yes | 274 (43.3) | 603 (48.2) | |
| Dietary pattern | |||
| Skipping breakfast (times/wk) | <0.001 | ||
| <3 | 305 (48.2) | 754 (60.2) | |
| ≥3 | 328 (51.8) | 498 (39.8) | |
| Eating out (time/wk) | 0.007 | ||
| <1 | 126 (19.9) | 319 (25.5) | |
| ≥1 | 507 (80.1) | 933 (74.5) |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation for continuous variables or number (%) for categorical variables.
*
The weight gain group was defined as a weight gain of 3 kg or more over a 1-year period.
†
Calculated using a Pearson’s chi-square test.