TABLE 1.

Research on developing genetically modified microalgae vaccine in aquaculture.

Number	Pathogen	Antibacterial peptides (AP) Antigen (Ag)	Expression host	Vector	Promoter	Position	Expression (yield)	Protection Object	Effect	References
1	R. salmoninarum	Ag:p57	C. reinhardtii [CC744]	/	/	Chloroplast and plasma membrane	/	Oncorhynchus mykiss	Produced p57-specific immunoglobulins (IgM) in different tissues	Siripornadulsil et al., 2007
2	A. salmonicida	Ag:AcrV, VapA	C. reinhardtii [WT, FUD50, FUD7]	pGA4	psaA, atpA psbD, psbA	Chloroplast	AcrV: 0.8% TP VapA: 0.3% TP	/	/	Michelet et al., 2011
3	WSSV	Ag:VP28	C. reinhardtii [CC741 mt+, Fud7 mt−]	pBA155 pSR229	psbA, atpA, psbD	Chloroplast	0.1–10.5% TSP	Shrimp	/	Surzycki et al., 2009
4	WSSV	Ag:VP28	D. salina [UTEX-1644]	pUX-GUS	Ubil	Chloroplast	78 mg/100 mL culture	Shrimp	59% Protection rate	Feng et al., 2014
5	WSSV	Ag:VP28	Anabaena sp. [PCC 7120]	pRL-489	psbA	Cytoplasm	34.5 mg/L culture Expression efficiency: 1.03% (dry weight)	Shrimp	68% Protection rate	Jia et al., 2016
6	WSSV	Ag:VP28	Synechocystis sp. [PCC 6803]	pRL-489	psbA	Cytoplasm	/	Shrimp	88.42% Relative survival	Zhai et al., 2019
7	WSSV	Ag:VP28	C. reinhardtii [TN72]	pASapI	atpA	Chloroplast	detectable	Shrimp	87% Relative survival	Kiataramgul et al., 2020
8	WSSV	Ag:VP19, VP28	Synechococcus sp. [PCC 7942]	pRL-489	psbA	Cytoplasm	vp19, vp28, vp (19 + 28) 5.0, 4.7, and 4.2%, (dry weight)	Shrimp	Activity of PO, SOD, CAT, and LYZ changed	Zhu et al., 2020
9	YHV	dsRNA-YHV(RNA)	C. reinhardtii [CC503 cw92mt+]	pSL18	psbD	Nucleus	41 ng/100 mL(1 × 108 cells)	Shrimp	Increasing 22% protection	Somchai et al., 2016
10	YHV	dsRNA-YHV(RNA)	C. reinhardtii [CC-5168]	pSRSapI	psaA	Chloroplast	16.0 ± 0.9 ng dsRNA/L late-log phase culture	Penaeus vannamei Shrimp	50% survival at 8 day-post infection	Charoonnart et al., 2019