Table 3.
Transporters Used for Cancer Cell Targeting
| Transporter | Gene | Substrate | Expression in Cancer |
|---|---|---|---|
| OCTN2 (Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2) | SLC22A5 | L-Carnitine | Over-expressed in colon cancer113 and glioma cell line T98G116 |
| ATB0,+ (Amino Acid Transporter B0,+) | SLC6A14 | Lysine Aspartate carnitine |
Over-expressed in solid tumors such as lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer and cervical cancer164–166 |
| LAT1 (system L amino acid transporter 1) | SLC7A5 | Glutamate | Mainly over-expressed in breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer167 |
| GLUT1 (glucose transporter 1) | SLC2A1 | Glucose, Mannose Galactose, Glucosamine |
Widely expressed in different cancers including pancreas, breast, lymphomas, prostate, head and neck cancer168 |
| SMVT (Sodium-Dependent Multivitamin Transporter) | SLC5A6 | Biotin | Widely expressed in different cancers including ovarian cancer, breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma168 |
| NIS (sodium/iodine symporter) | SLC5A5 | iodide ions | Over-expressed in thyroid and breast cancer168 |
| NET (norepinephrine transporter) | SLC6A2 | Norepinephrine Dopamine Serotonin |
Over-expressed in neuroblastoma and Pheochromocytoma168 |