Figure 4.

CR extract inhibits transcription of proinflammatory cytokines. Cultured RAW 264.7 cells in 24-well plates were treated with the different doses of CR extract of 100% ethanol, as well as LPS (20 ng/mL), as described in Figure 3. After the treatment, the cells were harvested for measurement of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNAs by real-time PCR. Data are expressed as fold of change to basal (no drug), in mean ± SEM, n = 3, each with triplicate samples. ^∗p < 0.05 and ^∗∗p < 0.01, compared to model control (LPS but no CR extract).