. 2020 Nov 16;10:571515. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.571515

Table 4.

Characteristics of healthy subjects and periodontitis patients (n = 45).

Characteristics	Healthy (n = 22)	Chronic periodontitis		P-value
Characteristics	Healthy (n = 22)	Slight (n = 8)	Moderate-Severe (n = 15)^C
Sex
Male	14 (63.6%)	4 (50.0%)	6 (40.0%)	0.360^a
Female	8 (36.4%)	4 (50.0%)	9 (60.0%)	0.360^a
Age (year)
20-29	2 (9.1%)	1 (12.5%)	0 (0.0%)	<0.001^a
30-39	17 (77.3%)	2 (25.0%)	0 (0.0%)
40-49	0 (0.0%)	4 (50.0%)	3 (20.0%)
50-59	2 (9.1%)	0 (0.0%)	7 (46.7%)
≥60	1 (4.5%)	1 (12.5%)	5 (33.3%)
Clinical attachment level (mm)
Mean ± SD	2.46 ± 0.19	2.92 ± 0.52^d	3.96 ± 1.22	<0.001^b
Median (IQR)	2.49 (2.33–2.57)	2.84 (2.43–3.31)^d	3.72 (3.47–4.29)
Pocket depth (mm)
Mean ± SD	2.36 ± 0.19	2.52 ± 0.34d	3.36 ± 0.63	<0.001^b
Median (IQR)	2.30 (2.22–2.49)	2.54 (2.27–2.68)^d	3.34 (2.94–3.74)
Plaque index
Mean ± SD	25.60 ± 11.42	57.04 ± 16.98d	53.28 ± 20.07	<0.001^b
Median (IQR)	25.89 (19.26–29.48)	57.41 (45.69–63.39)^d	50.00 (35.71–65.52)
Gingival index
Mean ± SD	0.29 ± 0.16	0.43 ± 0.39d	0.86 ± 0.53	0.003^b
Median (IQR)	0.30 (0.18–0.38)	0.23 (0.09–0.85)^d	0.92 (0.38–1.18)
Smoking history
Never	14 (63.6%)	5 (62.5%)	9 (60.0%)	0.333^a
Former	2 (9.1%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (20.0%)
Daily	6 (27.3%)	2 (25.0%)	3 (20.0%)
Unknown	0 (0.0%)	1 (12.5%)	0 (0.0%)
Additional oral care (dental floss, mouthwash)
Yes	16 (72.7%)	5 (62.5%)	6 (40.0%)	0.057^a
No	6 (27.3%)	2 (25.0%)	9 (60.0%)
Unknown	0 (0.0%)	1 (12.5%)	0 (0.0%)
Toothbrushing frequency per day
≥3 times	15 (68.2%)	6 (75.0%)	6 (40.0%)	0.046^a
≤2 times	7 (31.8%)	1 (12.5%)	9 (60.0%)
Unknown	0 (0.0%)	1 (12.5%)	0 (0.0%)

^aFisher’s exact test, ^bKruskal-Wallis One Way Analysis of Variance on Ranks, ^cTwo moderate and 13 severe chronic periodontitis patients, ^dThese values were determined based on data from 7 patients due to missing data in one patient.