TABLE 5.
Descriptive statistics and Generalized Linear Mixed Models results for Computerized Cognitive Tasks.
| Face to Face VRRS followed by home-based VRRS (n = 18)* | Face to Face VRRS followed by home-based unstructured cognitive stimulation (n = 14) | ||||||||||
| Baseline | Post-treatment | 4 Months Follow-up | 7 Months Follow-up | Baseline | Post-treatment | 4 Months Follow-up | 7 Months Follow-up | p_Time | p_Group | p_Time × Group | |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
| Memory | |||||||||||
| Safe opening – forward | |||||||||||
| Mean score (%) | 25.6 (13.2) | 32.7 (9.4) | 26.7 (11.6) | 31.7 (11.3) | 30.8 (15.5) | 31.3 (12.1) | 36.5 (18.0) | 31.0 (14.5) | 0.047 | 0.418 | 0.016 |
| Visual memory | |||||||||||
| Mean score (%) | 80.0 (4.7) | 80.0 (5.5) | 80.1 (7.1) | 78.2 (6.2) | 79.7 (4.8) | 81.3 (3.7) | 79.8 (3.3) | 81.5 (3.4) | 0.827 | 0.41 | 0.168 |
| Safe opening – backward | |||||||||||
| Mean score (%) | 29.6 (11.2) | 33.7 (9.5) | 32.3 (13.8) | 37.0 (21.1) | 30.6 (14.9) | 36.3 (9.8) | 36.9 (8.1) | 37.1 (12.8) | 0.021 | 0.547 | 0.690 |
| Verbal memory | |||||||||||
| Mean score (%) | 82.6 (6.5) | 84.4 (6.4) | 84.9 (6.0) | 84.4 (5.1) | 81.5 (5.6) | 85.5 (3.9) | 85.8 (4.9) | 84.4 (4.9) | 0.010 | 0.993 | 0.484 |
| Attention and Executive functions | |||||||||||
| Complete the sequence of shapes | |||||||||||
| Mean score (%) | 93.1 (7.8) | 97.3 (2.8) | 97.6 (2.3) | 97.2 (3.3) | 91.9 (9.1) | 96.7 (3.7) | 97.6 (2.0) | 97.5 (2.7) | 0.004 | 0.751 | 0.914 |
| Change color | |||||||||||
| Mean score (%) | 99.6 (0.3) | 99.9 (0.2) | 99.9 (0.2) | 99.9 (0.1) | 99.4 (0.3) | 99.8 (0.2) | 99.8 (0.2) | 99.7 (0.4) | <0.001 | 0.021 | 0.205 |
| Rotation | |||||||||||
| Mean score (%) | 90.6 (4.4) | 94.4 (4.9) | 90.3 (16.9) | 89.0 (19.7) | 85.7 (5.9) | 89.0 (8.6) | 87.2 (9.5) | 88.7 (8.5) | <0.001 | 0.224 | 0.665 |
| Complete the logical relationship | |||||||||||
| Mean score (%) | 98.7 (1.4) | 99.4 (0.8) | 99.3 (1.0) | 99.2 (0.9) | 97.6 (2.3) | 99.4 (0.8) | 98.5 (1.0) | 98.5 (1.6) | <0.001 | 0.019 | 0.007 |
| Visuospatial abilities | |||||||||||
| Spatial orientation | |||||||||||
| Mean score (%) | 98.4 (1.9) | 99.2 (0.8) | 98.8 (1.4) | 99.2 (1.2) | 97.0 (3.2) | 99.1 (0.7) | 98.4 (1.4) | 98.4 (1.6) | 0.009 | 0.101 | 0.403 |
| Road route | |||||||||||
| Mean score (%) | 84.8 (7.6) | 90.4 (4.3) | 86.2 (4.3) | 88.0 (6.8) | 85.2 (4.4) | 91.0 (4.9) | 86.0 (5.8) | 85.4 (6.2) | <0.001 | 0.679 | 0.610 |
| Find the symmetrical | |||||||||||
| Mean score (%) | 95.3 (1.7) | 95.7 (1.2) | 96.2 (0.9) | 95.6 (1.3) | 94.0 (1.2) | 94.6 (1.0) | 94.6 (1.1) | 94.7 (0.8) | 0.037 | <0.001 | 0.470 |
| Recognize farm animals | |||||||||||
| Mean score (%) | 86.5 (10.3) | 92.4 (3.6) | 91.7 (4.3) | 88.1 (5.7) | 82.7 (7.4) | 92.4 (5.2) | 89.9 (6.8) | 86.9 (7.6) | <0.001 | 0.288 | 0.370 |
*data available for 16 patients of this group. Standard deviation between brackets. msec: milliseconds; VRRS: virtual reality rehabilitation system; bold font indicates statistical significance.