. 2020 Oct 15;24(22):13208–13222. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.15933

Table 2.

Effects of polydatin on serum and liver parameters in fructose‐fed rats

Group	Control + Vehicle	Fructose + Vehicle	Fructose + Polydatin			Fructose + Pioglizatioon
Group	Control + Vehicle	Fructose + Vehicle	7.5 mg/kg	15 mg/kg	30 mg/kg	4 mg/kg
Serum levels
TG (mmol/L)	0.30 ± 0.02	1.05 ± 0.11 ^## , ^**	0.74 ± 0.09	0.53 ± 0.08 ^**	0.47 ± 0.12 ^**	0.50 ± 0.15 ^**
IL‐1β (pg/mL)	12.42 ± 0.56	15.34 ± 0.22 ^## , ^**	13.86 ± 0.23	13.11 ± 0.36 ^**	13.70 ± 0.30 ^*	13.60 ± 0.69 ^*
TNF‐α (pg/mL)	203.40 ± 3.20	223.64 ± 1.54 ^#	203.09 ± 6.22 ^*	201.58 ± 4.03 ^**	196.11 ± 3.94 ^***	204.71 ± 7.85 ^*
HA (ng/mL)	1.18 ± 0.09	1.61 ± 0.12 ^#	1.65 ± 0.06	1.26 ± 0.14	1.17 ± 0.03 ^*	1.80 ± 0.06
Laminin (ng/mL)	646.19 ± 67.73	978.9 ± 84.58 ^#	747.20 ± 74.82	533.16 ± 117.60 ^**	635.74 ± 100.80 ^*	925.91 ± 57.51
III procollogen (ng/mL)	1.76 ± 0.43	10.46 ± 1.96 ^# , ^*	5.70 ± 1.34	4.31 ± 2.28 ^*	2.08 ± 0.57 ^**	1.00 ± 0.49 ^***
ALT (IU/L)	0.71 ± 0.03	20.22 ± 2.21 ^### , ^***	17.09 ± 4.07	11.90 ± 2.40	9.94 ± 2.62 ^*	9.32 ± 3.87 ^*
AST (IU/L)	7.67 ± 0.37	19.46 ± 3.12 ^# , ^*	7.11 ± 0.25 ^***	11.67 ± 1.93 ^*	9.91 ± 1.83 ^**	11.75 ± 2.11 ^*
Liver levels
HA (pg/mg protein)	9.90 ± 0.60	15.55 ± 0.57 ^# , ^*	14.21 ± 1.06	14.54 ± 0.40	12.63 ± 0.43*	12.99 ± 0.62
Hyp (μg/g protein)	265.11 ± 14.94	329.45 ± 11.02 ^# , ^*	237.48 ± 8.02 ^***	238.34 ± 6.59 ^***	185.23 ± 14.34 ^***	218.73 ± 10.22 ^***

Each value is given as the mean ± SEM. (n = 6‐8).

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HA, hyaluronic acid; Hyp, hydroxyproline; IL‐1β, interleukin‐1β; TG, triglyceride; TNF‐α, tumour necrosis factor‐α.

^{^#}

P < .05.

^{^##}

P < .001.

^{^###}

P < .001 vs the normal control.

^{^*}

P < .05.

^{^**}

P < .01.

^{^***}

P < .001 vs the fructose control.