Table 2.
Patient characteristics
| Characteristics | Distribution |
| Age (yr, mean ± SD) | 60.1 ± 10.9 |
| Sex | |
| Male | 99 (73.3%) |
| Female | 36 (26.7%) |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 22.9 ± 3.1 |
| Smoker | 46 (34.1%) |
| ASA | |
| 1 | 80 (59.3%) |
| 2 | 40 (29.6%) |
| 3 | 14 (10.4%) |
| 4 | 1 (0.7%) |
| Distance of tumor from the anal verge (cm, mean ± SD) | 6.4 ± 3.0 |
| Pre-CRT CEA (ng/mL, mean ± SD) | 18.1 ± 45.0 |
| Pre-CRT tumor size (cm, mean ± SD) | 4.6 ± 1.4 |
| Pre-CRT TNM stage | |
| I | 1 (0.7%) |
| II | 13 (9.6%) |
| III | 121 (89.6%) |
| Curative resection after CRT | |
| Low anterior resection | 64 (47.4%) |
| Ultra-low anterior resection | 17 (12.6%) |
| Abdominoperineal resection | 46 (34.1%) |
| Hartmann operation | 7 (5.2%) |
| Total colectomy | 1 (0.7%) |
| Radiation dose, cGy | 5040 |
| Interval from preoperative CRT to operation (wk) | 7.8 ± 1.7 |
| Post-CRT CEA (ng/mL) | 4.8 ± 8.1 |
| Down-staging after preoperative CRT | 60 (44.4%) |
| Pathologic complete response | 27 (20.0%) |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 121 (89.6%) |
| Follow-up (mo) | 60.4 ± 24.3 |
SD: Standard deviation; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiology; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; TNM: Tumor Node Metastasis; CRT: Chemoradiotherapy. I