Table 2.
Overview of results from phylogenetic backbone analyses (MP = most parsimonious).
| Species | Number of analyzed characters (of 30) | Number of most parsimonious positions (MP/MP+1) | Systematic (MP) placement according to this study a | Systematic placement according to earlier studies b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chloranthistemon endressii | 12 | 1/3 | CG Chloranthaceae (Chloranthales) | Chloranthaceae (Chloranthales); Eklund et al. (2004, PA) |
| Dakotanthus cordiformis | 29 | 23/118 | CG Rosidae (including many MP positions in Fabidae and Malvidae) | “Basal lineage within Fabales” (Fabidae); Manchester et al. (2018) |
| Kajanthus lusitanicus | 27 | 11/10 | CG Ranunculales (Eudicotyledoneae), with several MP positions in Lardizabalaceae and Berberidaceae | Lardizabalaceae (Ranunculales, Eudicotyledoneae); Mendes et al. (2014) |
| Mauldinia mirabilis | 24 | 9/13 | CG Laurales (Magnoliidae), with 9 MP positions in the clade with Lauraceae, Hernandiaceae, and Monimiaceae |
Lauraceae (Laurales, Magnoliidae); Drinnan et al. (1990) Sister to a clade with Lauraceae and Hernandiaceae; Doyle and Endress (2010, PA) |
| Microvictoria svitkoana | 20 | 13/7 | 12 MP positions in CGs and SGs of the ANA grade (Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales); 1 MP position in CG Calycanthaceae (Laurales, Magnoliidae) | Nymphaeaceae (Nymphaeales); Gandolfo et al. (2004, PA) |
| Paleoclusia chevalieri | 27 | 14/16 | CG and SG of the clusioid clade (Malpighiales, Fabidae); 14 MP positions, most in CG Clusiaceae and CG Hypericaceae | Clusiaceae (Malpighiales, Fabidae); Crepet and Nixon (1998a, PA); Ruhfel et al. (2013, PA) |
| Paradinandra suecica | 29 | 21/82 | Numerous MP positions in CG Ericales (Asteridae); additional MP positions in different clades of CG Pentapetalae (e.g., Caryophyllales, Malpighiales, and Dilleniales) | Ericales (Asteridae); Schönenberger and Friis (2001) |
| Spanomera mauldinensis | 25 | 4/8 | 3 MP positions in CG and SG Buxales and 1 MP position in CG Gunnerales (Eudicotyledoneae) |
“Closely related to Buxaceae” (Buxales, Eudicotyledoneae); Drinnan et al. (1991) Sister to Buxaceae; Doyle and Endress (2010, PA) |
| Tylerianthus crossmanensis | 29 | 1/12 | 1 MP position in CG Saxifragaceae (Saxifragales, Superrosidae) | Hydrangeaceae (Cornales, Asteridae) or Saxifragaceae (Saxifragales, Superrosidae) ; Gandolfo et al. (1998) |
| Virginianthus calycanthoides | 23 | 3/18 | 3 MP positions in CG and SG Calycanthaceae (Laurales, Magnoliidae) |
“Stem group Calycanthaceae (Laurales, Magnoliidae)”; Friis et al. (1994) “Stem relative of either Calycanthaceae (including Idiospermum) or the remaining Laurales”; Doyle and Endress (2010, PA) |
a
Only families mentioned in APG IV; CG = crown group, SG = stem group (i.e., the stem node and all of its descendants exclusive of the crown group).
b
PA = studies including a restricted phylogenetic analysis.