Table 1.
Comparison of Patient Demographics, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Findings Among Patients With IBD With COVID-19 and Patients Without IBD With COVID-19a
| Clinical Presentation, Laboratory findings and Outcomes | Demographics and comorbidities |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before propensity score matching |
After propensity score matching |
|||||
| IBD (n = 232) | Non-IBD (n = 19776) | P value | IBD (n = 232) | Non-IBD (n = 232) | P value | |
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 51.2 ± 18.1 | 49.5 ± 19.1 | .18 | 51.2 ± 18.1 | 51.2 ± 18.9 | .89 |
| Female, n (%) | 147 (63.36) | 10,937 (55.30) | .01 | 147 (63.36) | 149 (64.22) | .84 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 177 (76.29) | 10,110 (51.12) | <.0001 | 177 (76.29) | 183 (78.87) | .51 |
| Black or African American | 29 (12.5) | 4082 (20.64) | <.0001 | 29 (12.5) | 30 (12.93) | .89 |
| Unknown Race | 23 (9.91) | 4957 (25.06) | <.0001 | 23 (9.91) | 17 (10.42) | .32 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI), kg/m2, mean ± SD | 29.5 ± 7.41 | 30.5 ± 8.02 | .09 | 29.5 ± 7.41 | 30.4 ± 8.21 | .32 |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | ||||||
| Essential hypertension | 121 (52.12) | 5861 (29.64) | <.0001 | 121 (52.12) | 118 (50.86) | .78 |
| Chronic lower respiratory diseases (asthma and COPD) | 91 (39.22) | 3583 (18.11) | <.0001 | 91 (39.22) | 92 (39.65) | .92 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 62 (26.72) | 3113 (15.74) | <.0001 | 62 (26.72) | 55 (23.71) | .45 |
| Ischemic heart diseases | 49 (21.12) | 1892 (9.56) | <.0001 | 49 (21.12) | 45 (19.39) | .64 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 38 (16.38) | 1377 (6.96) | <.0001 | 38 (16.38) | 35 (15.08) | .70 |
| Heart failure | 37 (15.95) | 1251 (6.33) | <.0001 | 37 (15.95) | 35 (15.08) | .80 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 30 (12.93) | 1164 (5.88) | <.0001 | 30 (12.93) | 27 (11.63) | .67 |
| Nicotine dependence | 35 (15.09) | 1597 (8.08) | <.0001 | 35 (15.09) | 30 (12.93) | .50 |
| Alcohol-related disorders | 11 (4.74) | 618 (3.12) | .16 | 11 (4.74) | 12 (5.17) | .83 |
| Clinical presentation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IBD (n = 232), n (%) | Non-IBD (n = 19,776), n (%) | P value | |
| Cough | 56 (24.14) | 4716 (23.84) | .91 |
| Fever | 38 (16.37) | 3395 (17.16) | .75 |
| Dyspnea | 30 (12.93) | 2827 (14.29) | .55 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 25 (10.77) | 813 (4.11) | <.0001 |
| Malaise and fatigue | 20 (8.62) | 1167 (5.90) | .08 |
| Diarrhea | 19 (8.19) | 1018 (5.14) | .03 |
| Abdominal pain | 18 (7.75) | 535 (2.70) | <.0001 |
| Sore throat | 14 (6.03) | 1040 (5.25) | .59 |
| Hypoxemia | 12 (5.17) | 1444 (7.30) | .21 |
| Laboratory findings after COVID-19 diagnosis | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IBD (n = 232), mean ± SD (n) | Non-IBD (n = 19,776), mean ± SD (n) | P value | |
| Leukocytes, 1000/μL | 7.53 ± 3.60 (67) | 7.54 ± 5.66 (5572) | .98 |
| Lymphocytes, 1000/μL | 1.35 ± 0.87 (86) | 1.45 ±5.08 (6437) | .84 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.15 ± 1.14 (94) | 1.12 ± 1.29 (7418) | .79 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 28.55 ± 21.48 (85) | 45.01 ± 116.13 (6276) | .19 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 32.27 ± 25.23 (85) | 54.16 ± 288.14 (6304) | .48 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 95.95 ± 101.84 (85) | 89.40 ± 65.26 (6275) | .36 |
| Gamma glutamyl transferase, U/L | 174.6 ± 138.50 (10b) | 186.24 ± 310.69 (159) | .93 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.43 ± 0.23 (84) | 0.61 ± 1.06 (6239) | .13 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.54 ± 0.71 (83) | 3.4 ± 0.70 (6265) | .05 |
| Prothrombin time, s | 14.74 ± 5.53 (56) | 14.28 ± 5.80 (3689) | .55 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 31.16 ± 5.93 (49) | 32.88 ± 14.69 (3020) | .41 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 682.52 ± 804.27 (52) | 882.19 ± 2015.49 (4401) | .47 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 46.49 ± 74.79 (66) | 50.00 ± 69.21 (4870) | .68 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mm/h | 33.42 ± 19.03 (19) | 41.8 ± 27.42 (1407) | .11 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, mmol/L | 296.45 ± 210.79 (53) | 374.57 ± 350.33 (4438) | .11 |
| Interleukin 6, pg/mL | 53.36 ± 45.52 (12) | 314.63 ± 1839.22 (1152) | .62 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.32 ± 0.58 (15) | 1.75 ± 7.8 (1313) | .48 |
| Outcomes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before propensity matching |
After propensity matching |
|||||
| Outcomes | Overall risk n/total (%) | Risk ratio (95% CI) | P value | Overall risk n/total (%) | Risk ratio (95% CI) | P value |
| Severe COVID-19 | IBD 56/232 (24.14) |
1.15 (0.92–1.45) | .23 | IBD 56/232 (24.14) |
0.93 (0.68–1.27) | .66 |
| Non-IBD 4139/19,776 (20.92) |
Non-IBD 60/232 (25.86) |
|||||
| Hospitalizations | IBD 56/232 (24.14) |
1.20 (0.96–1.51) | .11 | IBD 56/232 (24.14) |
1.10 (0.74–1.40) | .91 |
| Non-IBD 3960/19,776 (20.02) |
Non-IBD 55/232 (23.70) |
|||||
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD, standard deviation.
a
Demographics and comorbidities are compared before and after propensity matching of cohorts.
b
Numbers rounded off to 10 to protect Protected Health Information (PHI).