Fig. 8.

Micro/nanorobots with hybrid actuations. (a) Rolling motion in acoustic and magnetic fields. The aggregate migrates toward ​the channel wall because of the radiation force of an acoustic field [46]. (b) (i) Schematic illustration: ultrasound (US) stimulation of the piezoelectric microswimmer induces neuronal differentiation of PC12 ​cells. (ii) An SEM image showing differentiated PC12 ​cells on the inner surface of a helical swimmer after US stimulation [96]. (c) NIR laser induced photothermal therapy and PA image tracking ability in a plastic tube [60]. (All images are used with permission). SEM, Scanning Electron Microscopy; NIR, near-infrared.