Table 3.
Selected characteristics for hospitalised patients with COVID-19 before transfer to intensive care stratified by in-hospital mortality (n=385)
| Patients with in-hospital mortality who required intensive care (n=121) | N with characteristic available | Patients who were discharged alive but required intensive care (n=264) | N with characteristic available | P value | |
| Required mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 95 (79) | 121 | 11 (4) | 264 | <0.001 |
| Vital signs, n (%) | |||||
| Number of patients with heart rate >100 beats per min, n (%) | 45 (38) | 118 | 51 (19) | 264 | <0.001 |
| Number of patients with temperature >100.4°F, n (%) | 107 (91) | 228 (86) | 0.370 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg, n (%) | 27 (22) | 10 (4) | <0.001 | ||
| Oxygen saturation, median (IQR) | 92 (88–95) | 95 (92–97) | <0.001 | ||
| Admission laboratory parameters, median (IQR) | |||||
| White blood cell count in K/μL, median (IQR) | 10.1 (6.3–14.7) | 111 | 5.6 (4.3–7.7) | 258 | <0.001 |
| Number of patients >10 K/µL, n (%) | 58 (52) | 111 | 28 (11) | 258 | <0.001 |
| Number of patients <4 K/µL, n (%) | 6 (5) | 111 | 54 (21) | 258 | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin in g/dL, median (IQR) | 12.1 (10.4–13.8) | 111 | 13 (11.5–14.2) | 258 | <0.001 |
| Platelet count in K/μL, median (IQR) | 185 (146–230) | 111 | 191(153-248) | 258 | 0.308 |
| Lymphocyte count in K/μL, median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.6–1.25) | 91 | 1 (0.75–1.4) | 239 | 0.003 |
| Lymphocyte percentage, median (IQR) | 9.6 (5.5–17.2) | 103 | 16.6 (12–26.4) | 251 | <0.001 |
| Prothrombin time in s, median (IQR) | 14.9 (13.8–16.7) | 63 | 13.7 (13.2–14.7) | 97 | <0.001 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time in s, median (IQR) | 34 (30.6–38.2) | 62 | 31.4 (29.4–35) | 96 | 0.027 |
| Serum sodium in mEq/L, median (IQR) | 137 (135–140) | 114 | 137 (135–140) | 237 | 0.449 |
| Serum potassium in mEq/L, median (IQR) | 4.3 (4–4.9) | 112 | 4.1 (3.8–4.4) | 237 | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine in mg/dL, median (IQR) | 1.5 (0.94–2.4) | 114 | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | 261 | <0.001 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase in U/L, median (IQR) | 62 (36.2–105) | 106 | 35 (26–54.5) | 236 | <0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase in U/L, median (IQR) | 28 (16–54) | 56 | 28 (19–52) | 215 | 0.514 |
| Serum albumin in g/dL, median (IQR) | 2.7 (2.3–3.2) | 107 | 3.3 (2.9–3.6) | 236 | <0.001 |
| Venous lactate in mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.55 (1.02–2.15) | 34 | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 49 | 0.157 |
| Number of patients >1.5 mmol/L, n (%) | 19 (56) | 34 | 20 (41) | 49 | 0.157 |
| Inflammatory markers | |||||
| C reactive protein in mg/L, median (IQR) | 220 (113–297) | 80 | 75.6 (36.2–134) | 182 | <0.001 |
| Ferritin in ng/L, median (IQR) | 920 (470–2220) | 76 | 503 (266–1020) | 187 | <0.001 |
| Procalcitonin in ng/mL, median (IQR) | 1.02 (0.20–4.5) | 58 | 0.08 (0.05–0.22) | 163 | <0.001 |
| Number of patients >0.49 ng/mL, n (%) | 34 (59) | 58 | 17 (10) | 163 | <0.001 |
| Number of patients <0.15 ng/mL, n (%) | 11 (19) | 58 | 106 (65) | 163 | <0.001 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase in U/L, median (IQR) | 513 (399–729) | 67 | 333 (274–422) | 188 | <0.001 |
| Creatine kinase in U/L, median (IQR) | 659 (305–1450) | 42 | 146 (60–268) | 73 | <0.001 |
| D-dimer in μg/mL, median (IQR) | 2.7 (1.6–5.8) | 57 | 0.83 (0.5–1.6) | 127 | <0.001 |
| Number of patients >2.0 µg/mL, n (%) | 36 (63) | 57 | 28 (22) | 127 | <0.001 |
Continuous and categorical variables were compared using a Wilcoxon test and Fisher’s exact test, respectively.
All values are closest values in 24 hours prior to ICU admission. All continuous characteristics are in median (IQR) unless specified otherwise and all categorical characteristics are in number (percentage). The percentage is calculated with the number of patients who had the characteristic available as the denominator. For further clarity, the number in which that characteristic was available for is provided separately in adjacent column.
ICU, intensive care unit.