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. 2020 Nov 30;20:284. doi: 10.1186/s12874-020-01169-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — I. Trial Sequential Analysis output of both MiQuit trials using 90% power, 5% significance, to detect a 3.4% absolute difference. Diversity = 0%. Points A and B on the z-curve represent each trial added to the sequential analysis. A – Feasibility trial [7], B – Pilot trial [8]. Monitoring boundaries in Fig. 1 use the Lan-DeMets O’Brien-Fleming alpha-spending approach. II. Point C represents a theoretical trial with a sample size of 630 women, where an absolute difference of 3.17% was observed, in favour of the MiQuit group versus the control group. Diversity = 0%. III. Point D represents a theoretical trial with a sample size of 630 women, with an absolute difference of − 0.63% in favour of the control group. Diversity = 33%