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. 2020 Nov 30;11:513. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-02012-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Comparison of the left lung structure in rats with PF. The pictures with a low magnification of left lung sections stained with H&E was obtained from the Normal, BLM, BLM + Nintedanib, BLM + Pirfenidone, and BLM + HUMSCs groups on day 49 (a). From high magnification, a massive cell infiltration in the center areas of the left lungs was seen after BLM damage. Transplantation of HUMSCs ameliorated cell infiltration as the alveolar structures were observed (b). From high magnification, the alveolar structures were preserved in the outer region of the left lung, albeit the sizes of alveoli varied (c). The total volume of left lung was quantified by summing data from all left lung sections, which revealed that transplantation of HUMSCs significantly increased the total left lung volume (d), raised the total air space (e), and reduced the area infiltrated by inflammatory cells (f). The number (g) and the circumference (h) of alveoli in the unit area in the outer regions of the left lung were further quantified, which showed that transplantation of HUMSCs effectively increased the number and circumference of alveoli in the unit area for gas exchange, while the left lung structures of the rest treatment groups were similar with the BLM group. n = 8 or 9 in each group. ✽: vs the Normal group, p < 0.0001. ♦: vs the BLM + HUMSCs group, p < 0.0001