Table 2.
Self-Reported Barriers to Health Care by Urban Versus Nonurban Residence, Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium 2012–2017
| All,a N = 393,430 |
Urban, N = 304,104 |
Nonurban, N = 75,954 |
pb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No barrier, N (%) | Barrier, N (%)c | No barrier, N (%) | Barrier, N (%)c | No barrier, N (%) | Barrier, N (%)c | ||
| All | 379,413 (96.4) | 14,017 (3.6) | 292,127 (96.1) | 11,977 (3.9) | 74,299 (97.8) | 1,655 (2.2) | <0.001 |
| Type of barrierd | |||||||
| Too many responsibilities | N/A | 2,877 (20.5) | N/A | 2,688 (22.4) | N/A | 152 (9.2) | |
| No insurance/health care cost | 6,910 (49.3) | 5,874 (49.0) | 840 (50.8) | ||||
| No transportation | 1,087 (7.8) | 914 (7.6) | 147 (8.9) | ||||
| Other reasons, not specified | 2,698 (19.2) | 2,424 (20.2) | 195 (11.8) | ||||
| No reason given | 1,868 (13.3) | 1,341 (11.2) | 445 (26.9) | ||||
Boldface indicates statistical significance.
a
All includes 13,372 examinations with missing urban or nonurban status.
b
p-Value from chi-square test comparing proportion reporting barriers in urban versus nonurban examinations.
c
Some women reported multiple barrier types, so the number of examinations with a barrier is smaller than the sum of specific types and the percentages sum to >100%.
d
Barrier type is based on self report at time of screening mammogram as described in methods section.