Table 2.
Factors associated with health literacy among participants with and without suspected COVID-19 symptoms.
| Variables | Without S-COVID-19-Sa | With S-COVID-19-Sa | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted B-Coef (95% CI)b | p-value | Adjusted B-Coef (95% CI)c | p-value | Unadjusted B-Coef (95% CI)b | p-value | Adjusted B-Coef (95% CI)c | p-value | |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| 60–70 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| 71–85 | −5.88 (−7.50, −4.27) | <0.001 | −4.36 (−5.95, −2.77) | 0.001 | −5.66 (−7.09, −4.22) | <0.001 | −3.74 (−5.05, −2.43) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Women | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Men | 2.40 (0.89, 3.91) | 0.002 | 1.94 (0.42, 3.46) | 0.013 | 2.48 (1.05, 3.91) | 0.001 | 1.77 (0.42, 3.13) | 0.010 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Never married | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Ever married | 5.30 (1.31, 9.29) | 0.009 | 3.11 (−0.52, 6.74) | 0.093 | −4.73 (−8.63, −0.84) | 0.017 | −1.93 (−5.07, 1.22) | 0.230 |
| Education | ||||||||
| Elementary school or illiterate | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||
| Junior high school | 7.56 (5.85, 9.28) | <0.001 | 4.26 (2.41, 6.11) | <0.001 | 3.28 (1.65, 4.90) | <0.001 | ||
| High school | 9.84 (7.91, 11.76) | <0.001 | 7.16 (5.20, 9.12) | <0.001 | 4.24 (2.47, 6.03) | <0.001 | ||
| College/university or above | 10.90 (8.87, 12.94) | <0.001 | 7.35 (5.47, 9.23) | <0.001 | 4.59 (2.88, 6.30) | <0.001 | ||
| Occupation | ||||||||
| Employed | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Business owner | −3.37 (−7.54, 0.79) | 0.112 | −2.96 (−6.72, 0.80) | 0.123 | −4.36 (−8.31, −0.40) | 0.031 | −0.28 (−3.61, 3.05) | 0.870 |
| Others | −3.19 (−7.11, 0.74) | 0.111 | −1.67 (−5.20, 1.86) | 0.352 | −6.28 (−10.18, −2.37) | 0.002 | −1.26 (−4.53, 2.00) | 0.448 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||||
| None | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| One or more | −1.71 (−3.24, −0.18) | 0.029 | −1.06 (−2.42, 0.31) | 0.129 | −2.59 (−4.18, −1.01) | 0.001 | −0.82 (−2.14, 0.50) | 0.222 |
| Ability to pay for medication | ||||||||
| Very or fairly difficult | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Very or fairly easy | 2.58 (1.08, 4.08) | 0.001 | 1.53 (0.16, 2.90) | 0.028 | 6.21 (4.69, 7.72) | <0.001 | 5.69 (4.33, 7.06) | <0.001 |
| Social status | ||||||||
| Low | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Middle or high | 8.39 (6.47, 10.32) | <0.001 | 3.33 (1.327, 5.33) | 0.001 | 4.43 (2.86, 6.01) | <0.001 | 1.65 (0.22, 3.08) | 0.024 |
B-Coef, regression coefficient; CI, confidence interval.
a
With and without S-COVID-19-S groups indicate patients with suspected COVID-19 symptoms and those without.
b
The simple linear regression model was used.
c
The multiple linear regression model was used.