Fig. 1.

Google Trends in boredom, loneliness and sadness before and after the stay-at-home orders. The vertical axis shows the average searches (on a scale from 0 to 100) in the days before (negative values) and after (positive values) the stay-at-home order was announced (set equal to day zero) in 2020 (red dots) and the same date in 2019 (grey dots) for nine European countries (left) and 42 US States (right). The eight US States without a lockdown are excluded from the analysis. The dots correspond to the raw averages by bins of one day, weighted by the number of inhabitants per country/State. The European countries included are: Austria, Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain and the UK.