TABLE 3.

MANOVA of BRUMS subscales by demographic variables.

	Tension		Depression		Anger		Vigor		Fatigue		Confusion
Source	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Sex [T2 = 0.13, F(6,1055) = 23.04†]
Male (n = 386)	51.27†	10.08	58.02*	14.13	57.91	12.72	48.46†	8.09	54.05†	9.05	57.23†	12.24
Female (n = 676)	53.96	11.08	60.72	15.13	56.61	11.89	43.63	8.19	58.00	10.85	59.82	12.97
Age band [T2 = 0.08, F(24,4202) = 3.60†]
≤25 yearsa (n = 243)	55.24†e	11.87	62.03†e	15.50	57.80*e	12.05	45.65	7.99	58.63†e	10.39	62.27†de	13.36
26–35 yearsb (n = 263)	54.04†e	10.74	60.94*e	15.34	57.96*e	13.06	45.08	8.94	57.27†e	10.60	59.90†e	12.84
36–45 yearsc (n = 232)	53.06	10.15	60.09	14.15	58.42†e	12.07	44.48	8.54	57.68†e	10.66	58.80	12.08
46–55 yearsd (n = 167)	51.25*a	10.51	58.05	14.94	56.19	13.28	45.24	8.39	55.22	10.34	56.50	12.57
≥56 yearse (n = 157)	49.44	9.20	55.46	12.69	53.46	8.94	46.99	8.23	51.95	9.25	54.57	11.21
Education level [T2 = 0.05, F(18,3155) = 2.92†]
≤High schoola (n = 238)	52.86	10.94	60.72	14.96	57.48	12.28	44.69	8.29	57.06	10.63	58.96	12.33
TAFE1/Tradeb (n = 197)	53.88	11.59	61.82*d	15.41	58.06	12.36	43.24*c	7.86	59.49†d	11.45	60.50	12.99
Universityc (n = 316)	53.36	10.85	60.07	15.10	57.06	12.58	45.80	8.28	56.61	10.45	59.67	13.58
Postgraduated (n = 311)	52.12	10.07	57.33	13.79	56.17	11.66	46.86†b	8.88	54.28	9.46	56.99	11.89
Month [T2 = 0.06, F(18,3155) = 3.65†]
March 2020a (n = 33)	51.45	8.34	50.67†bd	10.13	51.36	8.03	48.24	7.55	49.61†bd	8.20	54.82	9.29
April 2020b (n = 633)	53.23	10.99	60.50	15.12	57.14	12.05	44.66†c	8.19	57.26*c	10.69	59.23	13.07
May 2020c (n = 185)	51.63	10.14	56.82	13.67	54.83	11.07	47.54	9.45	54.42	9.79	56.52	11.95
June 2020d (n = 211)	53.65	11.06	61.44	14.77	59.76†ac	13.48	45.22	8.20	57.45	10.48	60.52	12.65

T², Hotelling’s T-squared; ^†p < 0.001; *p < 0.008; ¹TAFE, Technical and Further Education. Superscript letters a–e are used to indicate sub-group differences.