Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics According to Prior Heart Failure or Left Ventricular Dysfunction (LVD)
| History of HF/LVD |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No History of HF/LVD (N=4,776) | Overall (N=398) | LVEF 35%-45% (n=221) * | LVEF>45% (n=177) | p** | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years | 0.004 | ||||
| n | 4776 | 398 | 221 | 177 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 65 (58, 71) | 66 (59, 72) | 64 (57, 71) | 67 (61, 74) | |
| Female sex | 1085/4776 (22.7%) | 83/398 (20.9%) | 28/221 (12.7%) | 55/177 (31.1%) | 0.393 |
| Race | <.001 | ||||
| White | 3083/4728 (65.2%) | 315/396 (79.5%) | 153/220 (69.5%) | 162/176 (92.0%) | |
| Asian | 1431/4728 (30.3%) | 54/396 (13.6%) | 46/220 (20.9%) | 8/176 (4.5%) | |
| Black or African American | 178/4728 (3.8%) | 26/396 (6.6%) | 20/220 (9.1%) | 6/176 (3.4%) | |
| Other | 36/4728 (0.8%) | 1/396 (0.3%) | 1/220 (0.5%) | 0 | |
| NYHA Class | <.001 | ||||
| None | 3049/4776 (63.8%) | 112/398 (28.1%) | 94/221 (42.5%) | 18/177 (10.2%) | |
| I | 910/4776 (19.1%) | 86/398 (21.6%) | 45/221 (20.4%) | 41/177 (23.2%) | |
| II | 817/4776 (17.1%) | 200/398 (50.3%) | 82/221 (37.1%) | 118/177 (66.7%) | |
| Medical history | |||||
| Angina | 4276/4776 (89.5%) | 362/398 (91.0%) | 194/221 (87.8%) | 168/177 (94.9%) | 0.370 |
| MI | 844/4762 (17.7%) | 146/395 (37.0%) | 77/219 (35.2%) | 69/176 (39.2%) | <.001 |
| PCI | 912/4772 (19.1%) | 137/398 (34.4%) | 65/221 (29.4%) | 72/177 (40.7%) | <.001 |
| CABG | 172/4776 (3.6%) | 31/398 (7.8%) | 13/221 (5.9%) | 18/177 (10.2%) | <.001 |
| PVD | 177/4765 (3.7%) | 26/398 (6.5%) | 10/221 (4.5%) | 16/177 (9.0%) | 0.005 |
| Stroke | 129/4775 (2.7%) | 22/398 (5.5%) | 13/221 (5.9%) | 9/177 (5.1%) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 3464/4761 (72.8%) | 322/395 (81.5%) | 167/218 (76.6%) | 155/177 (87.6%) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 1978/4776 (41.4%) | 184/398 (46.2%) | 106/221 (48.0%) | 78/177 (44.1%) | 0.061 |
| Chronic lung disease | 261/4765 (5.5%) | 37/396 (9.3%) | 14/220 (6.4%) | 23/176 (13.1%) | 0.002 |
| Hospitalization for heart failure | 0 | 56/398 (14.1%) | 12/221 (5.4%) | 44/177 (24.9%) | <.001 |
| Medical Therapy at Randomization | |||||
| Aspirin | 4305/4772 (90.2%) | 338/398 (84.9%) | 189/221 (85.5%) | 149/177 (84.2%) | <.001 |
| Statin | 4525/4771 (94.8%) | 374/398 (94.0%) | 209/221 (94.6%) | 165/177 (93.2%) | 0.452 |
| High intensity statin | 1766/4771 (37.0%) | 144/398 (36.2%) | 86/221 (38.9%) | 58/177 (32.8%) | 0.740 |
| ACE/ARB | 3085/4772 (64.6%) | 328/398 (82.4%) | 170/221 (76.9%) | 158/177 (89.3%) | <.001 |
| Beta blockers | 3805/4772 (79.7%) | 351/398 (88.2%) | 190/221 (86.0%) | 161/177 (91.0%) | <.001 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 79/4772 (1.7%) | 36/398 (9.0%) | 18/221 (8.1%) | 18/177 (10.2%) | <.001 |
| Diuretic | 935/4772 (19.6%) | 146/398 (36.7%) | 65/221 (29.4%) | 81/177 (45.8%) | <.001 |
| Antiarrhythmics | 58/4740 (1.2%) | 10/392 (2.6%) | 1/218 (0.5%) | 9/174 (5.2%) | 0.027 |
| Anticoagulants | 155/4729 (3.3%) | 48/397 (12.1%) | 25/220 (11.4%) | 23/177 (13.0%) | <.001 |
| Dual antiplatelet | 1149/4772 (24.1%) | 78/398 (19.6%) | 48/221 (21.7%) | 30/177 (16.9%) | 0.044 |
| QOL | |||||
| SAQ Angina Frequency Score | 0.902 | ||||
| n | 4262 | 380 | 204 | 176 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 90 (70, 100) | 90 (70, 100) | 90 (70, 100) | 85 (65, 100) | |
| Stress imaging and ETT detail | |||||
| Degree of ischemia† | 0.015 | ||||
| None | 225/4764 (4.7%) | 29/398 (7.3%) | 14/221 (6.3%) | 15/177 (8.5%) | |
| Mild | 327/4764 (6.9%) | 25/398 (6.3%) | 13/221 (5.9%) | 12/177 (6.8%) | |
| Moderate | 1550/4764 (32.5%) | 150/398 (37.7%) | 74/221 (33.5%) | 76/177 (42.9%) | |
| Severe | 2601/4764 (54.6%) | 193/398 (48.5%) | 119/221 (53.8%) | 74/177 (41.8%) | |
| Uninterpretable | 61/4764 (1.3%) | 1/398 (0.3%) | 1/221 (0.5%) | 0 | |
| Anterior ischemia | 1183/3525 (33.6%) | 106/357 (29.7%) | 70/201 (34.8%) | 36/156 (23.1%) | 0.139 |
| Duke Prognostic Score | 0.055 | ||||
| n | 2791 | 195 | 111 | 84 | |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 5 (5, 6) | 5 (5, 6) | 5 (5, 6) | 5 (5, 6) | |
| Number of 50% Diseased Vessels by CCTA† | 0.361 | ||||
| 0 | 4/2789 (0.1%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1 | 659/2789 (23.6%) | 38/195 (19.5%) | 22/111 (19.8%) | 16/84 (19.0%) | |
| 2 | 875/2789 (31.4%) | 62/195 (31.8%) | 33/111 (29.7%) | 29/84 (34.5%) | |
| 3 | 1251/2789 (44.9%) | 95/195 (48.7%) | 56/111 (50.5%) | 39/84 (46.4%) | |
| LM ≥ 50% Stenosis by CCTA | 37/3586 (1.0%) | 3/255 (1.2%) | 2/150 (1.3%) | 1/105 (1.0%) | 0.747 |
| Proximal LAD ≥ 50% Stenosis by CCTA | 1649/3487 (47.3%) | 98/249 (39.4%) | 57/147 (38.8%) | 41/102 (40.2%) | 0.015 |
| Number of 70% Diseased Vessels by CCTA | 0.165 | ||||
| 0 | 288/2383 (12.1%) | 13/175 (7.4%) | 7/99 (7.1%) | 6/76 (7.9%) | |
| 1 | 960/2383 (40.3%) | 66/175 (37.7%) | 42/99 (42.4%) | 24/76 (31.6%) | |
| 2 | 673/2383 (28.2%) | 58/175 (33.1%) | 28/99 (28.3%) | 30/76 (39.5%) | |
| 3 | 462/2383 (19.4%) | 38/175 (21.7%) | 22/99 (22.2%) | 16/76 (21.1%) | |
| Proximal LAD ≥ 70% Stenosis by CCTA | 762/3478 (21.9%) | 43/249 (17.3%) | 28/147 (19.0%) | 15/102 (14.7%) | 0.086 |
ACE/ARB indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme/ angiotensin II receptor blocker; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CCTA, coronary computed tomography angiography; ETT, exercise tolerance testing; HF/LVD, Heart Failure/ Left ventricular dysfunction;; LAD, left anterior descending; LM, left main ; NYHA, New York Heart Association; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD, peripheral vascular disease ;Q1, first quartile; Q3, third quartile; QOL, Quality of Life; SAQ, Seattle Angina Questionnaire;
*
Only 28 patients had LVEF between 35%-45% and also a prior history of heart failure.
**
P-values comparing any history of HF/LVD versus none (first 2 columns)
†
Uninterpretable degree of ischemia set to missing for chi-square test; Zero vessels with 50% stenosis is combined with one vessel for chi-square test.