Table 3.

Quality assessment of quantitative studies

	Inclusion criteria	Recruitment	Ethics	Protocol	Blinded assessors	Measures	Follow up	Outcome data	Selective reporting	Confounders	Other	Overall Risk
Anderson et al. (2015) [18]	–	N/A	?	N/A	N/A	?	N/A	+	–	?	?	High
Bentley (2016) [20]	–	N/A	+	–	N/A	–	N/A	+	–	?	–	Mod
Eddleston (2017) [21]	–	–	–	N/A	N/A	–	N/A	–	–	–	–	Low
Filardi (2020) [22]	–	N/A	?	N/A	N/A	+	N/A	?	?	+	+	High
Hayman (2010) [26]	?	N/A	?	N/A	N/A	–	N/A	?	–	+	+	High
Henke (2016) [8]	–	–	?	–	–	+	N/A	–	–	–	–	Low
Hornung (2009) [27]	–	N/A	?	+	N/A	–	N/A	?	–	–	–	Low
Gimenez (2020) [23]	–	N/A	–	+	N/A	–	N/A	–	–	–	+	Low
Golden (2012) [24]	–	N/A	?	N/A	N/A	–	N/A	–	–	–	–	Low
Kaduk (2019) [28]	–	N/A	?	N/A	N/A	–	N/A	+	–	–	–	Low
Kazekami (2020) [29]	?	?	?	N/A	N/A	?	N/A	?	–	–	–	Mod
Kim (2019)	–	N/A	+	–	N/A	–	N/A	–	–	–	+	Low
Major (2008) [31]	–	N/A	?	–	N/A	+	N/A	?	–	+	–	High
Nijp (2016) [32]	–	–	+	–	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	Low
Sardeshmukh (2012) [33]	–	N/A	+	N/A	N/A	–	N/A	–	–	–	–	Low
Song (2019) [34]	–	–	–	N/A	N/A	–	N/A	–	–	–	–	Low
Suh (2017) [35]	–	N/A	+	–	N/A	–	N/A	–	–	–	–	Low
Tustin (2014) [37]	–	–	?	–	N/A	–	N/A	–	–	+	–	Mod
Vander Elst (2017) [38]	+	–	–	N/A	N/A	–	N/A	?	–	–	–	Low
Windeler (2017) [39]	–	N/A	+	N/A	N/A	–	N/A	?	–	–	–	Low

(−) = low risk; (?) = unclear (if the study did not provide adequate details of the criteria in question, the rating was deemed unclear); (+) = high risk; N/A Not applicable