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. 2020 Nov 30;41(2):335–344. doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04751-w

Table 3.

Summary Model 2 Regression Analyses for LPA, Walking, Exercise and Sedentary Time with dependent variables adjusting for covariates

Pain (MPQ) Pain (VAS rating) Physical Fatigue Mental Fatigue General Fatigue Anxious Symptoms Depressive Symptoms Vitality
β ΔR2 β ΔR2 β ΔR2 β ΔR2 β ΔR2 β ΔR2 β ΔR2 β ΔR2
LPA − .02 .000 − .06 .003 − .08 .006 − .11* .011† − .07 .005 − -.04 .002 -.14* .018† .13* .016†
Walking .04 .002 .06 .003 − .11* .010† − .01 .000 − .06 .003 .02 .000 -.12* .012† .15* .020†
Exercise .04 .001 .01 .000 − .19* .033† − .04 .001 − .12* .013† − .04 .001 − .09* .008 .07 .005
Sedentary Time − .08 .006 − .02 .000 .19* .032† .04 .001 .07 .005 − .04 .001 .08 .006 − .09 .008

Model 2: expanded Model 1 (covariates age, gender, education, living situation, general COVID-19 concern and functional disability only) by adding LPA, walking, exercise and ST as individual predictors for each dependent variable.

β represents the standardised beta coefficient and ΔR2 represents the proportion of the variance that is explained by the addition of the predictor independent variable to the model relative to Model 1.  β coefficients for covariates were broadly similar as those reported in Table 1. Therefore, to improve readability, β's are only reported for the associations between the independent variables (LPA, walking, exercise, ST) and the dependent variables. Full information of all Model 2 regressions, including the 95% CI intervals to determine significance, F-value with associated p-values and the β for each covariate are reported in Supplementary Tables S1-S4

LPA light physical activity, Concern general COVID-19 concern, MPQ McGill Pain Questionnaire, VAS Visual Analogue Scale, CI confidence interval

*significant β (standardised beta) coefficients derived using bootstrapped 95% CI (see Supplementary Tables S1–S4); †p < .05 for ΔR2 values determining the significance of the overall model