Table 5.

Comparison of trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines

Publication (year)	Study design and analysis	Key observations
Domachowske et al., 2013[31]	Phase III, double-blind, randomized, multileft study in children aged 3-17 years with stable health or chronic illness	QIV was highly immunogenic, with seroconversion rates of 91.4%, 72.3%, 70.0%, and 72.5% against A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata, respectively
	Immunologic noninferiority of QIV versus. TIV against shared influenza A and B strains, and superiority against influenza B of QIV versus. TIVs containing an alternate-lineage B strain	QIV may offer improved protection against influenza B in children
Kieninger et al. 2013[32]	Phase III, randomized, partially blind, multinational study in individuals aged ≥18 years and who were in stable health without significant pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic, or renal disease	QIV displayed superior immunogenicity for the alternative-lineage B strain, without impairing immune responses to shared strains
	Reactogenicity and safety profile for QIV versus TIV
Tinocoa et al. 2013[33]	Phase III, randomized, double-blind study in individuals aged ≥18 years	QIV provided superior immunogenicity for the added B strain without affecting the antibody response to TIV strains, and without compromising safety
	Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of QIV and TIV

QIV: Quadrivalent influenza vaccine, TIV: Trivalent influenza vaccine