Table 4. Cytokine concentrations (median and range) in pg/mL measured in healthy control dogs and in dogs with presumptive neuropathic pain (NeuP) using the Milliplex Canine Cytokine Panel.

	Controls	NeuP	p	Covariates effect
	n = 13; MCP-1: n = 11	n = 23; MCP-1: n = 11		P sex	P age	P weight
GM-CSF	15.02 (0.56–219.95)	30.12 (0.56–240.47)	0.53	0.17	0.90	0.18
KC-like	417.23 (203.88–1,391.12)	668.54 (67.69–1,381.57)	0.54	0.56	0.34	0.56
IP-10	7.00 (1.42–34.35)	7.79 (0.65–62.87)	0.16	0.51	0.14	0.49
IL-6	6.16 (2.02–80.89)	8.79 (1.89–78.55)	0.15	0.015	0.67	0.06
IL-7	34.34 (3.36–187.41)	21.50 (1.11–133.66)	0.07	0.10	0.85	0.18
IL-8	2,504.34 (966.25–3,768.76)	3,311.17 (690.87–13,131.05)	0.35	0.75	0.11	0.47
IL-10	0.94 (0.33–162.04)	1.53 (0.33–44.96)	0.42	0.10	0.36	0.61
IL-15	47.85 (7.24–2,381.73)	47.85 (4.98–1,251.31	0.33	0.59	0.62	0.013
IL-18	25.32 (10.71–178.37)	24.15 (8.92–141.83)	0.06	0.17	0.49	0.19
MCP-1	205.98 (154.27–410.62)	259.17 (174.39–539.18)	0.52	0.41	0.07	0.10
TNFα	1.25 (0.05–59.87)	1.63 (0.05–43.02)	0.74	NA	NA	NA

NA = Data non available (nonparametric test). Data in bold are significant.