Fig 4. Subgroup analyses for the comparisons of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding between the three non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and warfarin.

(A) apixaban vs warfarin, (B) dabigatran vs warfarin, (C) rivaroxaban vs warfarin. CHA₂DS₂-VASc, score based on congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age 65–74 years and sex; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HAS-BLED, score based on hypertension/abnormal renal and liver function/stroke/bleeding/labile international normalized ratio/elderly/drugs/alcohol; NOACs, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. The P value is for the interaction.