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. 2020 Nov 22;2020:4380805. doi: 10.1155/2020/4380805

Table 1.

Sample demographics and clinical characteristics.

Characteristic No-RE group (n = 94) Non-TCE group (n = 119) TCE group (n = 91) (F/χ2) value P value
Age (years), mean (SD) 67.29 ± 7.69 66.40 ± 7.47 66.30 ± 7.26 0.508 0.602
Sex, n (%)
 Male 39 (41.5%) 32 (26.9%) 42 (46.2%)
 Female 55 (58.5%) 87 (73.1%) 49 (53.8%) 9.280 0.010
Education (years), n (%)
 ≤12 92 (97.9%) 107 (89.9%) 69 (75.8%)
 >12 2 (2.1%) 12 (10.1%) 22 (24.2%) 22.109 <0.001
Occupation, n (%)
 Physical labour 66 (70.2%) 54 (45.4%) 34 (37.4%)
 Mental labour 28 (29.8%) 65 (54.6%) 57 (62.6%) 22.143 <0.001
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)# 24.61 ± 3.62 25.06 ± 3.15 24.44 ± 2.83 1.068 0.345
Marital status, n (%)
 Married 76 (80.9%) 97 (81.5%) 80 (87.9%)
 Others 18 (19.1%) 22 (18.5%) 11 (12.1%) 2.061 0.357
Smoking, n (%)
 Never 66 (70.2%) 105 (88.2%) 73 (80.2%)
 Former 16 (17.0%) 9 (7.6%) 11 (12.1%)
 Current 12 (12.8%) 5 (4.2%) 7 (7.7%) 10.985 0.027
Drinking, n (%)
 No 73 (77.7%) 99 (83.2%) 64 (70.3%)
 Yes 21 (22.3%) 20 (16.8%) 27 (29.7%) 4.914 0.086
Taste preferences, n (%)
 Heavy 23 (24.5%) 22 (18.5%) 19 (20.8%)
 Normal 38 (40.4%) 42 (35.3%) 37 (40.7%)
 Bland 33 (35.1%) 55 (46.2%) 35 (38.5%) 3.144 0.534
Sleep status (hours), n (%)
 ≤6 63 (67.0%) 78 (65.5%) 53 (58.2%)
 >6 31 (33.0%) 41 (34.5%) 38 (41.8%) 1.797 0.407
Social activities, n (%)
 No 11 (11.7%) 16 (13.4%) 8 (8.8%)
 Yes 83 (88.3%) 103 (86.6%) 83 (91.2%) 1.101 0.577
Chronic diseases, n (%)
 None 79 (84.1%) 94 (79.0%) 75 (82.4%)
 Hypertension 5 (5.3%) 12 (10.1%) 8 (8.8%)
 Diabetes 2 (2.1%) 2 (1.7%) 1 (1.1%)
 Others 8 (8.5%) 11 (9.2%) 7 (7.7%) 2.121 0.908
Physical activity level, n (%)
 Low level 34 (36.2%) 8 (6.7%) 13 (14.3%)
 Medium level 54 (57.4%) 70 (58.8%) 54 (59.3%)
 High level 6 (6.4%) 41 (34.5%) 24 (26.4%) 44.467 <0.001

No-RE, no regular exercise; non-TCE, nontraditional Chinese exercise; TCE, traditional Chinese exercise; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index. #Having missing value; P < 0.05.