Table 3.
Binary logistic regression output for the factors associated with DM among adults aged 18 years and above in urban northwest Ethiopia, 2019.
| Variable | DM | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||
| Age | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) | 1.06 (1.04, 1.09)∗∗ | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 22 | 274 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 27 | 450 | 0.75 (0.42, 1.34) | 0.76 (0.34, 1.70) |
| Educational status | ||||
| Uneducated | 16 | 157 | 1.87 (0.89, 3.94) | 0.35 (0.11, 1.14) |
| Primary | 8 | 111 | 1.32 (0.54, 3.24) | 0.83 (0.25, 2.74) |
| Secondary | 11 | 199 | 1.01 (0.45, 2.28) | 1.00 (0.36, 2.81) |
| Diploma and above | 14 | 257 | 1 | 1 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Government employed | 9 | 218 | 1 | 1 |
| Unemployed | 17 | 317 | 1.30 (0.57, 2.97) | 1.49 (0.49, 4.52) |
| Private job | 12 | 164 | 1.77 (0.73, 4.31) | 1.61 (0.52, 4.95) |
| Retired | 11 | 25 | 10.66 (4.03, 28.21) | 2.04 (0.64, 6.53) |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poor | 14 | 295 | 1 | 1 |
| Medium | 13 | 143 | 1.92 (0.88, 4.18) | 1.45 (0.52, 4.05) |
| Rich | 22 | 286 | 1.62 (0.81, 3.23) | 1.64 (0.61, 4.41) |
| Family history DM | ||||
| No | 42 | 674 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 7 | 50 | 2.25 (0.96, 5.26) | 2.15 (0.78, 5.95) |
| Frequency of eating vegetables per week | ||||
| No eating | 23 | 219 | 1 | 1 |
| 1-3 days | 15 | 382 | 0.37 (0.19, 0.73) | 0.29 (0.13, 0.65)∗ |
| 4-7 days | 11 | 123 | 0.85 (0.40, 1.81) | 0.51 (0.19, 1.33) |
| Frequency of eating fatty meal per week | ||||
| No eating | 35 | 544 | 1 | 1 |
| 1-3 days | 8 | 121 | 1.03 (0.47, 2.27) | 1.22 (0.49, 3.08) |
| 4-7 days | 6 | 59 | 1.58 (0.64, 3.91) | 1.42 (0.51, 3.96) |
| Physical activity | ||||
| At least moderate physical activity | 22 | 471 | 1 | 1 |
| No physical activity | 27 | 252 | 2.29 (1.28, 4.11) | 1.70 (0.84, 3.44) |
| Current smoking habit | ||||
| Smoker | 1 | 14 | 1.06 (0.14, 8.20) | 0.96 (0.09, 10.45) |
| Nonsmoker | 48 | 710 | 1 | 1 |
| Waist circumference | ||||
| Normal | 21 | 461 | 1 | 1 |
| High risk | 28 | 263 | 2.00 (1.12, 3.60) | 1.72 (0.82, 3.60) |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 36 | 647 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 13 | 77 | 3.03 (1.54, 5.97) | 1.35 (0.61, 2.99) |
AOR: adjusted odds ratio; COR: crude odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; DM: diabetes mellitus; High-risk waist circumference: ≥94 cm for male and ≥80 cm for female; ∗p value < 0.01; ∗∗<0.001.