Table 2.
Univariate analysis: association between pediatric population characteristics and COVID-19 positive admissions.
| CPA frequency | Percent CPA duration requiring HFNC or more | Percent CPA duration requiring intubation (MCV or HFOV) | Number of PICU days per CPA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta coefficient | p valuea | Beta coefficient | p valuea | Beta coefficient | p valuea | Beta coefficient | p valuea | |
| Population density | 0.008 | 0.004 | -0.011 | 0.685 | 0.011 | 0.647 | -0.00008 | 0.996 |
| Urban air quality | 0.032 | 0.404 | -0.209 | 0.305 | 0.098 | 0.856 | 0.07 | 0.864 |
| Drinking water quality | -0.055 | 0.147 | -0.207 | 0.765 | -0.309 | 0.636 | 0.032 | 0.48 |
| UV index | -0.614 | 0.182 | -12.008 | 0.04 | -5.821 | 0.308 | -0.782 | 0.044 |
| Average precipitation | 0.421 | 0.185 | 8.94 | 0.084 | 6.308 | 0.203 | 0.116 | 0.743 |
| Average temperature | 0.018 | 0.708 | -1.296 | 0.064 | -0.768 | 0.256 | -0.093 | 0.045 |
| Percent households below poverty line | 0.053 | 0.612 | -0.399 | 0.784 | 0.348 | 0.801 | -0.083 | 0.39 |
| Percent households with below high school as the highest adult education level | 0.111 | 0.502 | -3.926 | 0.166 | -3.182 | 0.238 | -0.032 | 0.866 |
| Percent pediatric obesity | 0.067 | 0.614 | -2.187 | 0.28 | -0.391 | 0.84 | -0.179 | 0.179 |
| Percent pediatric type 1 DM | -0.052 | 0.68 | 4.525 | 0.012 | 4.899 | 0.003 | 0.116 | 0.356 |
| Percent pediatric asthma | 0.175 | 0.779 | -3.707 | 0.564 | 1.534 | 0.821 | -0.079 | 0.851 |
| Percent high schoolers currently smoking | -1.48 | 0.524 | -0.726 | 0.836 | -3.397 | 0.3 | -0.269 | 0.242 |
| Percent pediatric flu shot received | 0.177 | 0.019 | 0.252 | 0.814 | -0.22 | 0.828 | 0.026 | 0.72 |
| Percent pediatric who have health insurance | 0.24 | 0.294 | 2.368 | 0.438 | 2.604 | 0.366 | 0.225 | 0.264 |
| Percent pediatric who have a medical home | -0.098 | 0.449 | 1.486 | 0.425 | 0.715 | 0.687 | 0.066 | 0.595 |
| Percent Hispanic | 0.015 | 0.725 | -0.37 | 0.535 | -0.468 | 0.405 | 0.001 | 0.99 |
| Percent white | -0.038 | 0.256 | 0.799 | 0.149 | 0.587 | 0.266 | 0.02 | 0.589 |
| Percent black | 0.093 | 0.072 | -0.741 | 0.279 | 0.113 | 0.863 | -0.05 | 0.27 |
| Percent other race | -0.027 | 0.638 | 0.376 | 0.848 | -2.903 | 0.109 | 0.156 | 0.224 |
| Social distancing score | 0.178 | 0.848 | 17.57 | 0.196 | 3.558 | 0.786 | 1.664 | 0.061 |
| Moderate or severe comorbidityb | 0.088 | 0.686 | -0.009 | 0.965 | 0.014 | 0.33 | ||
Abbreviations: CPA: COVID-19 positive admission; HFNC: high-flow nasal cannula; MCV: mechanical conventional ventilation; HFOV: high-frequency oscillatory ventilation; PICU: pediatric intensive care unit; UV: ultraviolet; DM: diabetes mellitus. ap value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. bNo data available to assess moderate or severe comorbidity with admission frequency.