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Three generations of adenoviral vectors. The first-generation adenovirus (FGAd) is constructed by removing the E1 and E3 regions from the adenoviral genome. The second-generation adenovirus (SGAd) is generated via further deletions in the E2 and E4 regions. The third-generation adenovirus, referred to as gutless adenovirus (GLAd), is constructed by deleting all the viral protein-coding genes, leaving only the ITRs and the ψ packaging signal in its genome backbone.
