Fig. 1.

Hypoxia induced TGFβ-1 expression on MSCs. (A) MSCs secrete various proteins involved in macrophage polarization. (B, C) mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α and TGF-β1 are presented in MSCs treated with hypoxia. Control, MSCs treated with 10% FBS medium in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂; Nor, normoxia, MSCs treated with SF medium in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂; Hypo, hypoxia. Each experiment was repeated three times. Columns, mean; bars, SE. **P <0.01 and *P <0.05, and ^##P < 0.001.