TABLE 1.
The endocast‐structure surface areas (SA) and brain‐region volumes (Vol) analyzed
| Species | Optic Lobe SA (mm2) | Optic Tectum Vol (mm3) | Wulst SA (mm2) | Hyperpallium Vol (mm3) | Endocast SA (mm2) | Brain Vol (mm3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agelaius phoeniceus 7,vii | 104.4 | 50.8 | 115.5 | 106.1 | 832.0 | 1614.9 |
| Amazilia tzacatl 7,vii | 35.4 | 12.8 | 27.7 | 11.3 | 215.4 | 182.27, 175.9vii |
| Anas platyrhynchos 3,iii | 164.1 | 251.5 | 211.1 | 572.2 | 2098.4 | 5738.0 |
| Apteryx australis mantelli 8,v | 56.9 | 32.0 | 174.4 | 224.0 | 2629.4 | 8293.08, 5299.0v |
| Apus apus 2 | 56.9 | 42.8 | — | — | 439.8 | 668.0 |
| Ardea cinerea 3,iii | 296.7 | 697.8 | 233.3 | 520.4 | 2453.7 | 8446.0 |
| Bonasa umbellus 2,vii | 192.7 | 182.3 | 97.8 | 171.9 | 1204.7 | 3136.07, 2548.3vii |
| Bubo virginianus 6,vi | 238.5 | 277.0 | 1145.3 | 2617.4 | 3900.5 | 17199.1 |
| Bubulcus ibis 3,iii | 199.5 | 211.0 | 147.7 | 220.7 | 1323.1 | 4025.0 |
| Buteo swainsoni 4 | 266.8 | 450.1 | — | — | 2334.3 | 8099.0 |
| Colinus virginianus 3,iii | 104.6 | 112.3 | 50.8 | 69.2 | 652.8 | 1091.0 |
| Columba livia 3,iii | 128.1 | 198.3 | 57.0 | 187.4 | 953.3 | 2093.0 |
| Crypturellus tataupa 1,i | 111.7 | 159.3 | 35.0 | 66.2 | 669.1 | 1583.0 |
| Dacelo novaeguineae 3,iii | 271.6 | 333.9 | 85.2 | 176.3 | 1607.3 | 3515.0 |
| Dromaius novaehollandiae 8,v | 446.0 | 494.2 | 913.26 | 4388.0 | 5861.3 | 21029.38, 21830.0v |
| Fulica americana 2,vii | 130.3 | 127.7 | 94.5 | 227.5 | 1118.3 | 2719.02, 2797.0vii |
| Junco hyemalis 7,vii | 70.1 | 50.5 | 53.8 | 61.0 | 433.8 | 879.17, 834.9vii |
| Larus philadelphia 7 | 140.9 | 160.3 | — | — | 1034.2 | 2512.6 |
| Meleagris gallopavo 3,iii | 373.0 | 771.1 | 238.1 | 469.0 | 2671.2 | 7990.0 |
| Melopsittacus undulatus 3,iii | 67.1 | 59.6 | 88.1 | 84.4 | 677.4 | 1220.0 |
| Mergus serrator 4 | 154.5 | 188.9 | — | — | 1622.2 | 4754.0 |
| Nyctidromus albicollus 3,iii | 70.2 | 37.0 | 46.3 | 66.0 | 525.3 | 910.0 |
| Passer domesticus 3,iii | 63.3 | 62.7 | 65.4 | 117.1 | 557.6 | 989.0 |
| Phalacrocorax auritus 2,ii | 259.0 | 187.2 | 534.3 | 1381.2 | 3163.2 | 7323.02, 7149.4ii |
| Picoides pubescens 7 | 78.1 | 50.1 | — | — | 708.6 | 997.5 |
| Psittacus erithacus 5,iv | 251.6 | 155.1 | 424.8 | 668.6 | 3071.0 | 6405.4 |
| Ptilinopus superbus 4 | 93.8 | 66.2 | — | — | 671.1 | 1052.1 |
| Rhea americana 3,iii | 514.7 | 1286.6 | 594.6 | 2295.1 | 4758.7 | 19228.0 |
| Scolopax rusticola 7,vii | 97.2 | 104.9 | 75.6 | 130.4 | 1232.5 | 2593.67, 2678.6vii |
| Spheniscus magellanicus 3,iii | 290.4 | 672.3 | 546.9 | 2362.6 | 3877.4 | 16757.0 |
| Sphyrapicus varius 7 | 71.6 | 65.1 | — | — | 676.2 | 888.4 |
| Steatornis caripensis 3,iii | 97.6 | 104.7 | 214.8 | 749.5 | 1355.8 | 3900.0 |
| Thalassarche melanophris 7 | 261.1 | 246.4 | — | — | 4330.9 | 14129.3 |
| Tyto alba 3,iii | 92.8 | 136.5 | 616.3 | 1605.4 | 2249.3 | 6149.0 |
Sources for optic tectum volumes: 1Bee de Speroni and Pirlot, 1987; 2Iwaniuk et al., 2006; 3Iwaniuk et al., 2008; 4Iwaniuk et al., 2010; 5Corfield et al., 2011; 6Gutiérrez‐Ibáñez et al., 2013; 7Gutiérrez‐Ibáñez et al., 2014; 8Corfield et al., 2016 and Corfield pers. comm. Sources for hyperpallium volumes: iBee de Speroni and Pirlot, 1987; iiBoire 1989; iiiIwaniuk et al., 2008; ivCorfield et al., 2011; vCorfield et al., 2012; viGutiérrez‐Ibáñez et al., 2013; viipresent study. In cases where two different specimens were measured, both brain volumes are listed with the appropriate superscript to indicate source. For example, the brain volume of the Amazilia tzacatl specimen for which optic tectum volume was measured is 182.2 mm3, and that of the specimen for which hyperpallium volume was measured is 175.9 mm3.