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. 2020 Jul 24;237(6):1114–1135. doi: 10.1111/joa.13273

TABLE 3.

Results of standard (“individual means”) RMA regression: Raw muscle parameters with averages and standard deviations for each muscle for relative muscle mass (muscle mass / body mass), fascicle length (fascicle length / body mass ^0.33), PCSA (physiological cross‐sectional area / body mass ^0.66), distal and proximal tendon lengths (tendon length / body mass ^0.33), and pennation (angles in degrees). All values are expressed as percentages (raw values were multiplied by 100)

A. Muscle Mass vs. Body Mass
LatDorsi TrapPost TrapAnt PecAnt PecMed PecPost BicL BicS Brach DeltScap TriLat TriLong TriMed CoracoLong
RMA 1.1693 1.0958 1.6712 1.2837 1.2918 1.2850 1.2348 1.1492 1.3488 1.2606 1.0886 1.1148 1.1209 1.0513
lower 1.0766 0.9519 1.3144 1.1237 1.1887 1.1174 1.0803 1.0429 1.2053 1.1231 0.9927 0.9764 0.9614 0.8783
upper 1.2701 1.2615 2.1249 1.4664 1.4037 1.4776 1.4112 1.2664 1.5093 1.4149 1.1937 1.2729 1.3068 1.2584
r 2 0.9845 0.9649 0.9555 0.9687 0.9896 0.9704 0.9730 0.9928 0.9777 0.9798 0.9828 0.9644 0.9461 0.9672
p 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
CoracoBrev DeltClav ScaphHumAnt ScaphHumPost ExtCarpRad ExtDigLong ExtCarpUln ProTer FlexCarpRad FlexDigLong FlexCarpUln SerrAnt Supracor
RMA 1.4934 1.2645 1.2976 1.3261 1.0799 1.1229 1.0284 1.1740 1.1981 1.1388 1.3031 1.2759 1.3409
lower 1.1866 0.9922 0.7063 0.9878 0.7673 0.9377 0.8112 0.7944 1.0716 1.0241 0.8828 0.9665 0.9343
upper 1.8796 1.6116 2.3842 1.7802 1.5198 1.3447 1.3039 1.7349 1.3396 1.2663 1.9233 1.6843 1.9243
r 2 0.9593 0.8945 0.8762 0.9537 0.9370 0.9506 0.9425 0.9167 0.9935 0.9941 0.8794 0.8810 0.8634
p 0.0001 0.0000 0.0192 0.0008 0.0015 0.0000 0.0001 0.0027 0.0000 0.0000 0.0018 0.0001 0.0008
B. Fascicle length vs. Body Mass
LatDorsi TrapPost TrapAnt PecAnt PecMed PecPost BicL BicS Brach DeltScap TriLat TriLong TriMed CoracoLong
RMA 0.3780 0.3108 0.4444 0.4009 0.3823 0.3018 0.3427 0.3935 0.3807 0.3662 0.3411 0.2734 0.4637 0.3966
lower 0.3053 0.2101 0.2643 0.3440 0.3046 0.2037 0.2724 0.3154 0.3086 0.2663 0.2419 0.1684 0.3215 0.2459
upper 0.4680 0.4598 0.7472 0.4672 0.4799 0.4473 0.4311 0.4910 0.4696 0.5037 0.4810 0.4438 0.6686 0.6398
r 2 0.8949 0.7161 0.7766 0.9585 0.9209 0.7549 0.9192 0.9623 0.9214 0.8419 0.7526 0.4890 0.6820 0.7530
p 0.0000 0.0010 0.0087 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0003 0.0114 0.0005 0.0052
CoracoBrev DeltClav ScaphHumAnt ScaphHumPost ExtCarpRad ExtDigLong ExtCarpUln ProTer FlexCarpRad FlexDigLong FlexCarpUln SerrAnt Supracor
RMA 0.3356 0.4639 0.5192 0.5622 0.4194 0.3668 0.3385 0.4580 0.3991 0.3275 0.3081 0.4568 0.3969
lower 0.1900 0.3514 0.4079 0.3831 0.2099 0.2999 0.2525 0.2910 0.3248 0.2153 0.1828 0.2525 0.2806
upper 0.5928 0.6124 0.6610 0.8251 0.8381 0.4486 0.4538 0.7209 0.4904 0.4983 0.5192 0.8263 0.5614
r 2 0.7275 0.8608 0.9824 0.9198 0.7089 0.9382 0.9114 0.8857 0.9777 0.9031 0.7743 0.4066 0.8746
p 0.0147 0.0000 0.0010 0.0025 0.0355 0.0000 0.0002 0.0051 0.0002 0.0036 0.0090 0.0473 0.0006
C. Pennation vs. Body Mass
TriLat TriLong TriMed BicL BicS Brach ProTer
RMA 0.4094 0.5498 0.4390 0.5525 0.6670 0.3356 −0.1410
lower 0.2289 0.3407 0.2017 0.2489 0.2331 0.1070 −1.8402
upper 0.7322 0.8871 0.9554 1.2263 1.9087 1.0523 −0.0108
r 2 0.3355 0.5027 0.0777 0.4080 0.1812 0.4123 0.7395
p 0.0618 0.0098 0.4676 0.1226 0.4000 0.2427 0.3410
D. PCSA vs. Body Mass
LatDorsi TrapPost TrapAnt PecAnt PecMed PecPost BicL BicS Brach DeltScap TriLat TriLong TriMed CoracoLong
RMA 0.8348 0.8210 0.9319 0.9031 1.0447 0.8999 0.7665 0.9791 0.9391 0.8148 0.9515 0.7245 0.7453 0.8348
lower 0.6964 0.7410 0.8109 0.7407 0.8346 0.7951 0.6514 0.8756 0.7735 0.6719 0.7644 0.6280 0.5149 0.6964
upper 1.0007 0.9097 1.0709 1.1012 1.3077 1.0185 0.9019 1.0948 1.1402 0.9881 1.1843 0.8359 1.0787 1.0007
r 2 0.9246 0.9814 0.9707 0.9299 0.9229 0.9768 0.9732 0.9780 0.9426 0.9241 0.9020 0.9533 0.8566 0.9246
p 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000
CoracoBrev DeltClav ScaphHumAnt ScaphHumPost ExtCarpRad ExtDigLong ExtCarpUln ProTer FlexCarpRad FlexDigLong FlexCarpUln SerrAnt Supracor
RMA 1.2241 0.8916 0.8475 0.8486 0.7045 0.7815 0.7162 0.8336 0.8072 0.8398 1.0460 1.0182 0.9665
lower 0.8957 0.6113 0.3423 0.4679 0.5457 0.6022 0.5164 0.4097 0.6682 0.6455 0.6588 0.7078 0.6396
upper 1.6729 1.3004 2.0983 1.5391 0.9095 1.0142 0.9932 1.6959 0.9751 1.0926 1.6606 1.4647 1.4605
r 2 0.9237 0.7373 0.6822 0.7933 0.9654 0.8955 0.8889 0.6911 0.9812 0.9632 0.8265 0.7922 0.8192
p 0.0006 0.0007 0.0849 0.0173 0.0005 0.0000 0.0004 0.0403 0.0001 0.0005 0.0046 0.0006 0.0020
E. Distal Tendon Length vs. Body Mass
TriLat TriLong TriMed BicL BicS Brach DeltScap ScaphHumPost DeltClav PecAnt CoracoBrev CoracoLong LatDorsi
RMA 0.5212 0.3782 0.3832 0.5726 0.6423 −0.2308 0.6366 0.4664 0.4318 0.5320 1.2104 0.6155 0.5313
lower 0.3271 0.3247 0.2582 0.3057 0.2759 −0.4628 0.3692 0.0883 0.2649 0.3938 0.8586 0.2303 0.3714
upper 0.8305 0.4404 0.5688 1.0724 1.4951 −0.1151 1.0976 2.4640 0.7040 0.7187 1.7065 1.6450 0.7602
r 2 0.5301 0.9529 0.6270 0.3258 0.0974 0.0014 0.5903 0.2991 0.6763 0.8360 0.9992 0.0007 0.6960
p 0.0073 0.0000 0.0013 0.0849 0.4518 0.9133 0.0156 0.4531 0.0065 0.0001 0.0176 0.9559 0.0004
PecMed PecPost Supracor ExtCarpRad ExtCarpUln ExtDigLong FlexCarpRad FlexCarpUln FlexDigLong ProTer
RMA 0.3599 0.6575 −0.4330 −0.4330 0.3518 0.6642 0.2634 0.7325 0.4948 0.2796
lower 0.2081 0.3909 −0.8604 −0.8604 0.1265 0.2491 0.0106 0.1278 0.3469 0.0135
upper 0.6222 1.1061 −0.2179 −0.2179 0.9788 1.7716 6.5630 4.1995 0.7058 5.7776
r 2 0.5020 0.5551 0.4484 0.4484 0.5653 0.0061 0.0415 0.1655 0.9992 0.3418
p 0.0218 0.0134 0.0693 0.0693 0.1427 0.8675 0.8694 0.5931 0.0182 0.6025
F. Proximal Tendon Length vs. Body Mass
TriLong BicL BicS CoracoLong ExtCarpUln ExtDigLong FlexCarpUln
RMA 0.3047 0.2639 0.2334 0.3337 0.3337 0.5042 0.5042
lower 0.1626 0.2199 0.1365 0.1549 0.1549 0.1767 0.1767
upper 0.5710 0.3167 0.3993 0.7190 0.7190 1.4390 1.4390
r 2 0.0948 0.9578 0.8355 0.7883 0.7883 0.5359 0.5359
p 0.3301 0.0000 0.0108 0.0443 0.0443 0.1597 0.1597
G. Distal Moment Arm vs. Body Mass
TriLat TriLong TriMed BicL BicS Brach DeltScap DeltClav PecAnt CoracobrachBrev CoracoLong LatDorsi PecMed PecPost
RMA 0.4379 0.4053 0.4177 0.4530 0.4586 0.4829 0.5678 0.4890 0.5013 0.5013 −0.9187 0.4287 0.5737 0.4267
lower 0.3569 0.2765 0.3153 0.3313 0.3515 0.3377 0.3445 0.3117 0.3935 0.3935 −11.7316 0.2959 0.4179 0.2766
upper 0.5373 0.5941 0.5535 0.6195 0.5983 0.6905 0.9361 0.7671 0.6387 0.6387 −0.0719 0.6212 0.7877 0.6583
r 2 0.9254 0.7300 0.8154 0.8479 0.9274 0.7653 0.6602 0.7828 0.8949 0.8949 0.7506 0.6733 0.8437 0.6991
p 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0002 0.0001 0.0004 0.0078 0.0035 0.0000 0.0000 0.3329 0.0006 0.0002 0.0026
Supracor ExtCarpUln ExtDigLong FlexCarpUln
RMA 0.5502 0.5502 −1.1633 −1.1633
lower 0.4308 0.4308 −28.7724 −28.7724
upper 0.7027 0.7027 −0.0470 −0.0470
r 2 0.9538 0.9538 0.0558 0.0558
p 0.0002 0.0002 0.8482 0.8482
H. Proximal Moment Arm vs. Body Mass
TriLong BicL ExtDigLong
RMA 0.5101 1.3461 1.3461
lower 0.2824 0.0543 0.0543
upper 0.9214 33.3942 33.3942
r 2 0.7965 0.0501 0.0501
p 0.0167 0.8563 0.8563