| a. Free catch |
| Advantages |
| • Normal Voiding: No risk and an unskilled person can collect |
| • Manual Compression: Can be collected as per convenience |
| Disadvantages |
| • Both Methods: Sample may be contaminated |
| • Manual Compression: May cause traumatic injury to the urinary bladder, infected urine may pass to urogenital organs and cannot be performed in patient, immediately after laparotomy or cystotomy surgery |
| b. Catheterization |
| Advantages |
| • The bladder does not need to be distended |
| Disadvantages |
| • Skilled person required |
| • Risk of trauma, iatrogenic infection and may be contaminated by blood component |
| • Cannot be used in urethral obstruction |
| c. Cystocentesis |
| Advantages |
| • Very low risk of iatrogenic infection and contaminants |
| Disadvantages |
| • Skilled person required |
| • Sufficient amount of urine in the bladder |
| • Should not be performed if animal is diagnosed with coagulopathy |
| • In case of tear of bladder abdomen may be contaminated with urine |
