Table 3.

Abnormal colors and their possible suspected cause [9,12].

Abnormal color	Suspected cause
Colorless or light yellow	Dilute urine
Dark yellow or yellow-orange	Concentrated urine, bilirubin, excess urobilin
Yellow-green or yellow-brown	Bilirubin or biliverdin
Brown to black	Methemoglobin, myoglobin, bile pigment
Red to red-brown	Hematuria, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, methemoglobin
Pink to brown	Clofazimine treatment
Orange-red	Rifampicin treatment
Blue-green	Methylene blue, biliverdin in old sample, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
Milky white	Pyuria, lipiduria, phosphate crystals, sperm in male