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. 2020 Nov 17;11:540022. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.540022

Table 2.

Insomnia symptoms according to sociodemographic and clinical variables during detoxification process.

Sociodemographic variables Insomnia symptoms (n = 320) No insomnia symptoms (n = 161) p
Age (years) 44.4 ± 11.8 40.2 ± 9.3 0.04*
Gender (female) 34.7 13.7 0.0001*, **
Nationality (foreign) 9.1 11.2 0.46
Education (primary education) 32.5 34.8 0.62
Employed (working) 88.3 86.6 0.52
Marital status (married) 30.3 38.5 0.07
Living with someone 30.6 31 0.21
Criminal record (prison) 24.9 23.4 0.78
Clinical variables related to comorbidities
Medical history 64.7 52.8 0.01*
Psychiatric history 68.1 60.3 0.10
Axis I 49.4 42.3 0.18
   Anxiety disorder 19.4 8.1 0.001*
Psychiatric history 68.1 60.3 0.10
Axis I 49.4 42.3 0.18
   Anxiety disorder 19.4 8.1 0.001*, **
   Depressive disorder 19.6 16.6 0.32
   Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 15.3 8.7 0.04*
   Psychotic disorder 8.4 8.7 0.92
   Bipolar disorder 3.8 1.9 0.26
Axis II 51.6 43.1 0.09
   Cluster B 33.1 19.9 0.002*, **
   Other personality disorder 11.6 10.1 0.81
   Cluster C 5 4.3 0.75
   Cluster A 1.9 1.9 0.99
Prior psychiatric admissions 26.8 20 0.09
Clinical variables related to consumption
Age at start of consumption 17.9 ± 6.4 17.5 ± 6.4 0.44
Age of onset of substance use disorder 24.3 ± 8.04 23.8 ± 8.6 0.55
Years of addiction 19.6 ± 10.2 18.6 ± 13.0 0.87
Main Substance Use Disorder % %
   Alcohol 57.8 51.6 0.40
   Cocaine 31.9 34.8 0.52
   Heroine 16.6 5.6 0.001*, **
   Cannabis 6.6 8.1 0.54
   Benzodiazepines 7.2 5.2 0.11
Polysubstance users 56.6 26.1 0.0001*, **
Prior detoxification admissions 59.7 36.6 0.0001*, **
Binge consumption prior to admission 53.3 53.3 0.99
Positive breath alcohol test 23.8 28 0.32
Positive urinalysis 61.3 55.3 0.08
Psychopharmacological and psychological treatment
Antiepileptic 71.3 82.2 0.45
Antidepressant 59.3 76.3 0.38
Antipsychotic 45.3 57.2 0.21
Benzodiazepines 6.9 6.8 0.986
Opioid agonists 9.3 16.3 0.08
Interdictors 17.9 23.8 0.73
*

p < 0.05;

**

Statistically significant after Bonferroni correction.