Table 3.
Neuroimaging feature values by group with statistical contrasts between groups.
| Neuroimaging Feature | Participant Group | Contrasts | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) [range] | TDC | AIS | PVI | AIS vs TDC | PVI vs TDC | AIS vs PVI |
| White matter SC features | ||||||
| Les CST FA | 0.42 (0.02) [0.38-0.45] | 0.36 (0.04) [0.29-0.45] | 0.40 (0.03) [0.32-0.45] | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.024 | p = 0.001 |
| Les CST MD | 8.36 (0.32) [7.54-8.91] | 9.54 (0.63) [8.43-10.7] | 9.01 (1.1) [8.1-14.4] | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.003 | p = 0.007 |
| Les CST AD | 12.3 (0.38) [11.3-13.0] | 13.3 (0.65) [12.1-15.0] | 12.7 (0.45) [11.7-13.5] | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.02 | p < 0.0001 |
| Les CST RD | 6.37 (0.33) [5.65-7.04] | 7.64 (0.70) [6.33-9.04] | 6.93 (0.56) [6.15-8.53] | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.002 | p = 0.008 |
| Non-Les CST FA | 0.42 (0.03) [0.34-0.47] | 0.43 (0.03) [0.36-0.48] | 0.42 (0.02) [0.38-0.47] | ns | ns | ns |
| Non-Les CST MD | 8.23 (0.33) [7.81-9.45] | 8.16 (0.32) [7.64-9.07] | 8.30 (0.29) [7.67-8.95] | ns | ns | ns |
| Non-Les CST AD | 12.2 (0.30) [11.8-12.9] | 12.0 (0.90) [8.18-13.1] | 12.3 (0.30) [11.6-12.9] | ns | ns | ns |
| Non-Les CST RD | 6.21 (0.39) [5.57-7.74] | 6.16 (0.39) [5.52-7.06] | 6.33 (0.34) [5.64-6.99] | ns | ns | ns |
| Cortical FC Features | ||||||
| Les M1 – Non-Les M1 | 0.88 (0.35) [−0.11-1.48] | 0.37 (0.33) [−0.42-0.99] | 0.96 (0.31) [0.04-1.42] | p < 0.0001 | ns | p < 0.0001 |
| Les S1 – Non-Les S1 | 1.05 (0.35) [0.31-1.59] | 0.42 (0.30) [−0.25-0.87] | 0.96 (0.33) [0.20-1.73] | p < 0.0001 | ns | p < 0.0001 |
| Non-Les M1 – Non-Les S1 | 0.76 (0.33) [0.00-1.20] | 0.90 (0.27) [0.44-1.51] | 0.85 (0.26) [0.32-1.37] | ns | ns | ns |
| Les M1 – Les S1 | 0.77 (0.38) [0.20-1.52] | 0.73 (0.29) [0.26-1.23] | 0.91 (0.29) [0.38-1.58] | ns | ns | ns |
| Non-Les M1 – Non-Les SMA | 0.76 (0.15) [0.47-1.04] | 0.48 (0.32) [−0.05-1.22] | 0.85 (0.26) [0.23-1.29] | p = 0.001 | ns | p < 0.0001 |
| Les M1 – Les SMA | 0.78 (0.26) [0.18-1.25] | 0.40 (0.26) [−0.04-0.99] | 0.75 (0.24) [0.39-1.20] | p < 0.0001 | ns | p < 0.0001 |
| Non-Les SMA – Les SMA | 1.29 (0.29) [0.56-1.90] | 0.99 (0.35) [0.36-1.52] | 1.28 (0.28) [0.63-1.76] | p = 0.003 | ns | p = 0.004 |
| Thalamus/basal ganglia FC features | ||||||
| Les Thalamus – Non-Les Thalamus | 1.18 (0.26) [0.74-1.75] | 0.68 (0.33) [0.07-1.38] | 0.83 (0.30) [0.18-1.49] | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | ns |
| Les Caudate – Non-Les Caudate | 0.83 (0.22) [0.33-1.25] | 0.23 (0.28) [−0.42-0.78] | 0.54 (0.33) [−0.1-1.14] | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.001 | p = 0.001 |
| Les Pallidum – Non-Les Pallidum | 1.01 (0.20) [0.62-1.43] | 0.27 (0.35) [−0.35-0.97] | 0.78 (0.31) [0.13-1.35] | p < 0.0001 | p = 0.011 | p < 0.0001 |
| Les Putamen – Non-Les Putamen | 1.06 (0.27) [0.41-1.55] | 0.34 (0.32) [-0.33-0.95] | 0.86 (0.31) [0.28-1.45] | p < 0.0001 | ns | p < 0.0001 |
| Non-Les Caudate – Non-Les Pallidum | 0.15 (0.20) [−0.25-0.50] | 0.14 (0.19) [−0.47-0.36] | 0.23 (0.22) [-0.13-0.77] | ns | ns | ns |
| Non-Les Pallidum – Non-Les Thalamus | 0.36 (0.26) [−0.13-0.78] | 0.29 (0.24) [−0.10-0.85] | 0.38 (0.23) [−0.09-0.82] | ns | ns | ns |
| Non-Les Putamen – Non-Les Pallidum | 1.06 (0.22) [0.63-1.51] | 0.91 (0.31) [0.31-1.50] | 1.02 (0.23) [0.53-1.48] | ns | ns | ns |
| Les Caudate – Les Pallidum | 0.11 (0.17) [−0.25-0.56] | 0.04 (0.23) [−0.56-0.65] | 0.02 (0.22) [−0.32-0.58] | ns | ns | ns |
| Les Pallidum – Les Thalamus | 0.35 (0.28) [−0.10-0.91] | 0.33 (0.35) [−0.30-0.72] | 0.29 (0.27) [−0.13-0.84] | ns | ns | ns |
| Les Putamen – Les Pallidum | 0.95 (0.21) [0.55-1.62] | 0.79 (0.26) [0.32-1.35] | 0.91 (0.26) [0.32-1.47] | ns | ns | ns |
| Cortico-subcortical FC features | ||||||
| Non-Les M1 – Non-Les Thalamus | 0.04 (0.19) [−0.29-0.38] | 0.08 (0.24) [−0.37-0.48] | 0.10 (0.21) [−0.25-0.42] | ns | ns | ns |
| Non-Les M1 – Non-Les Caudate | -0.06 (0.20) [−0.41-0.55] | -0.02 (0.24) [−0.50-0.35] | 0.00 (0.20) [−0.34-0.41] | ns | ns | ns |
| Non-Les M1 – Non-Les Pallidum | 0.18 (0.21) [−0.26-0.54] | 0.20 (0.21) [−0.12-0.74] | 0.20 (0.26) [−0.35-0.72] | ns | ns | ns |
| Non-Les M1 – Non-Les Putamen | 0.18 (0.16) [−0.18-0.52] | 0.24 (0.27) [−0.13-0.68] | 0.26 (0.22) [−0.21-0.66] | ns | ns | ns |
| Les M1 – Les Thalamus | 0.00 (0.21) [−0.43-0.42] | -0.12 (0.22) [-0.47-0.31] | 0.01 (0.18) [−0.37-0.39] | ns | ns | ns |
| Les M1 – Les Caudate | -0.14 (0.16) [−0.39-0.19] | -0.12 (0.21) [−0.46-0.30] | -0.04 (0.16) [−0.38-0.38] | ns | ns | ns |
| Les M1 – Les Pallidum | 0.08 (0.19) [−0.21-0.51] | -0.04 (0.21) [−0.49-0.31] | 0.10 (0.24) [−0.35-0.50] | ns | ns | ns |
| Les M1 – Les Putamen | 0.16 (0.21) [−0.32-0.56] | -0.03 (0.17) [−0.33-0.28] | 0.19 (0.24) [−0.28-0.53] | p = 0.007 | ns | p = 0.002 |
| Non-Les S1 – Non-Les Thalamus | 0.04 (0.19) [−0.38-0.47] | 0.10 (0.21) [−0.19-0.56] | 0.07 (0.20) [−0.36-0.50] | ns | ns | ns |
| Non-Les S1 – Non-Les Caudate | -0.11 (0.18) [−0.42-0.22] | -0.05 (0.19) [−0.33-0.36] | -0.08 (0.19) [−0.49-0.25] | ns | ns | ns |
| Non-Les S1 – Non Les Pallidum | 0.01 (0.16) [−0.26-0.28] | 0.10 (0.19) [−0.18-0.56] | 0.10 (0.26) [−0.46-0.73] | ns | ns | ns |
| Non-Les S1 – Non Les Putamen | 0.10 (0.15) [−0.32-0.34] | 0.17 (0.21) [−0.17-0.62] | 0.19 (0.22) [−0.22-0.66] | ns | ns | ns |
| Les S1 – Les Thalamus | 0.02 (0.23) [−0.47-0.44] | -0.10 (0.23) [−0.44-0.28] | 0.01 (0.18) [−0.39-0.27] | ns | ns | ns |
| Les S1 – Les Caudate | -0.10 (0.18) [−0.39-0.29] | -0.17 (0.23) [−0.58-0.47] | -0.03 (0.20) [−0.44-0.31] | ns | ns | ns |
| Les S1 – Les Pallidum | 0.00 (0.16) [−0.36-0.33] | -0.06 (0.24) [−0.46-0.43] | 0.01 (0.19) [−0.54-0.41] | ns | ns | ns |
| Les S1 – Les Putamen | 0.12 (0.17) [−0.13-0.60] | -0.10 (0.19) [−0.40-0.36] | 0.10 (0.23) [−0.41-0.56] | p < 0.0001 | ns | p = 0.002 |
| Non-Les SMA – Non-Les Thalamus | 0.10 (0.22) [−0.39-0.45] | -0.09 (0.21) [−0.47-0.24] | 0.11 (0.23) [−0.35-0.60] | p = 0.015 | ns | p = 0.007 |
| Non-Les SMA – Non-Les Caudate | 0.03 (0.19) [−0.40-0.64] | 0.01 (0.22) [−0.77-0.35] | 0.06 (0.26) [−0.32-0.81] | ns | ns | ns |
| Non-Les SMA – Non Les Pallidum | 0.15 (0.21) [−0.40-0.57] | 0.03 (0.17) [−0.29-0.41] | 0.21 (0.26) [−0.30-0.68] | ns | ns | p = 0.016 |
| Non-Les SMA – Non Les Putamen | 0.21 (0.18) [−0.26-0.49] | 0.08 (0.24) [−0.50-0.60] | 0.28 (0.24) [−0.20-0.73] | ns | ns | p = 0.005 |
| Les SMA – Les Thalamus | 0.11 (0.22) [−0.37-0.47] | -0.09 (0.22) [−0.46-0.25] | -0.02 (0.21) [−0.39-0.58] | p = 0.009 | ns | ns |
| Les SMA – Les Caudate | -0.04 (0.17) [−0.38-0.25] | -0.04 (0.19) [−0.39-0.30] | -0.05 (0.19) [−0.36-0.56] | ns | ns | ns |
| Les SMA – Les Pallidum | 0.14 (0.20) [−0.31-0.45] | -0.03 (0.17) [−0.32-0.35] | 0.12 (0.26) [−0.54-0.63] | p = 0.036 | ns | ns |
| Les SMA – Les Putamen | 0.25 (0.23) [−0.39-0.67] | -0.02 (0.21) [−0.41-0.35] | 0.22 (0.31) [−0.41-0.97] | p = 0.002 | ns | p = 0.006 |
Table Note: AIS – Arterial ischemic stroke, PVI – Periventricular venous infarction, TDC – Typically Developing Controls, Les – lesioned, SC – Structural connectivity, FC – Functional connectivity, CST – Cortical spinal tract, FA – Fractional anisotropy, MD, AD, RD – Mean, axial, and radial diffusivity (x10-4), M1 – Primary motor cortex, S1 – Primary sensory cortex, SMA – Supplementary motor area. In TDC participants, non-lesioned refers to the dominant hemisphere (left) and lesioned refers to the non-dominant (right) hemisphere. ns – non-significant. Reported p-values are Bonferroni corrected.