Table 2.
Description of the immune activation profiles using the V-test.
| Profile | Variable | Mean (SD) in profile | Overall mean (SD) | V-test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Profile 1 | Percentage of T8 naive | 53.52 (12.38) | 37.19 (16.2) | 7.8 |
| Percentage of T4 naive | 54.82 (11.7) | 41.86 (15.87) | 6.32 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+ | 16.72 (10.01) | 29.26 (16.42) | − 5.91 | |
| Percentage of T4 CD38 | 62.22 (13.3) | 50.82 (15.71) | 5.61 | |
| Percentage of T8 HLA-DR+ | 27.12 (13.01) | 39.5 (17.48) | − 5.48 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+CD28− | 13.71 (8.91) | 24.65 (16.03) | − 5.28 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+CD28−CD27− | 9.76 (6.98) | 19.93 (15.68) | − 5.02 | |
| Percentage of T8 terminally differentiated | 12.06 (8.21) | 22.98 (17.32) | − 4.88 | |
| Percentage of T4 effector memory | 6.06 (2.97) | 11.47 (9.16) | − 4.58 | |
| Percentage of T4 HLA-DR+ | 9.61 (4.63) | 15.9 (11.06) | − 4.4 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38+ | 37.54 (13.11) | 29.94 (13.49) | 4.36 | |
| Percentage of T8 effector memory | 5.42 (2.87) | 9.34 (7.17) | − 4.23 | |
| Percentage of T4 | 72.88 (9.32) | 66.77 (11.54) | 4.1 | |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+ | 1.96 (2.25) | 5.88 (7.87) | − 3.86 | |
| Percentage of T8 | 23.4 (8.33) | 28.45 (10.16) | − 3.85 | |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+CD28− | 1.14 (1.77) | 3.83 (5.81) | − 3.58 | |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+CD28−CD27− | 0.99 (1.69) | 3.61 (5.8) | − 3.5 | |
| Percentage of T4 central memory | 38.3 (9.66) | 43.62 (11.86) | − 3.47 | |
| Percentage of NK CD57+ | 42.16 (14.66) | 49.21 (16.36) | − 3.33 | |
| Percentage of NK HLA-DR+ | 11.58 (10.63) | 16.55 (12.11) | − 3.18 | |
| Percentage of NK CD56− | 9.55 (6.17) | 16.4 (17.15) | − 3.09 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38+HLA-DR+ | 8.37 (4.69) | 11.63 (8.79) | − 2.87 | |
| Percentage of T4 CD38+HLA-DR+ | 3.92 (1.54) | 5.36 (3.98) | − 2.81 | |
| Percentage of T4 terminally differentiated | 0.82 (1.43) | 2.75 (5.37) | − 2.77 | |
| Percentage of classical monocytes CD14hiCD16lo | 83.32 (6.84) | 79.9 (14.37) | 1.84 | |
| Percentage of monocytes | 7.6 (2.84) | 9.67 (9.06) | − 1.77 | |
| IgM | 1.09 (0.53) | 1.26 (0.73) | − 1.75 | |
| sEPCR | 126.89 (69.32) | 146.45 (89.39) | − 1.69 | |
| Percentage of T4 exhausted CD279+ | 8.72 (4.94) | 10.57 (8.83) | − 1.62 | |
| sCD163 | 625.84 (287.63) | 683.64 (283.54) | − 1.58 | |
| Percentage of alternative monocytes CD14loCD16hi | 4.64 (3.1) | 5.53 (4.84) | − 1.43 | |
| CRP | 2.16 (2.49) | 2.83 (3.68) | − 1.41 | |
| sTNFRI | 1.48 (0.26) | 1.55 (0.39) | − 1.39 | |
| sCD14 | 1708.43 (204.85) | 1657.59 (298.19) | 1.32 | |
| IgA | 2.32 (1) | 2.5 (1.15) | − 1.27 | |
| Percentage of intermediate monocytes CD14hiCD16+ | 9.09 (4.63) | 9.99 (6.73) | − 1.04 | |
| tPA | 9.75 (4.93) | 10.51 (6.09) | − 0.96 | |
| Percentage of T8 central memory | 28.99 (10.49) | 30.51 (12.69) | − 0.92 | |
| Lymphocytes | 1838.49 (556.16) | 1904.7 (593.2) | − 0.86 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38hi | 2.8 (2.05) | 2.66 (2.79) | 0.41 | |
| Percentage of T8 exhausted CD279+ | 16.24 (10.09) | 15.93 (12.13) | 0.2 | |
| IgG | 9.91 (2.07) | 9.93 (2.07) | − 0.07 | |
| Percentage of NK | 8.21 (5.89) | 8.22 (5.34) | − 0.02 | |
| Profile 2 | Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+ | 18.76 (12.2) | 5.88 (7.87) | 8.28 |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+CD28− | 13.03 (8.45) | 3.83 (5.81) | 8.01 | |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+CD28−CD27− | 12.6 (8.73) | 3.61 (5.8) | 7.85 | |
| Percentage of T4 effector memory | 23.87 (13.55) | 11.47 (9.16) | 6.85 | |
| Percentage of T4 terminally differentiated | 8.87 (10.58) | 2.75 (5.37) | 5.78 | |
| Percentage of T4 naive | 24.9 (14.44) | 41.86 (15.87) | − 5.41 | |
| Percentage of T4 CD38+ | 34.39 (12.73) | 50.82 (15.71) | − 5.29 | |
| Percentage of T4 exhausted CD279+ | 19.29 (17.63) | 10.57 (8.83) | 5 | |
| sCD163 | 940.28 (397.75) | 683.64 (283.54) | 4.58 | |
| IgA | 3.39 (1.95) | 2.5 (1.15) | 3.9 | |
| Percentage of T8 naive | 24.93 (8.32) | 37.19 (16.2) | − 3.83 | |
| Percentage of T8 effector memory | 14.74 (9.67) | 9.34 (7.17) | 3.81 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38+ | 21.43 (9.64) | 29.94 (13.49) | − 3.19 | |
| Percentage of T4 HLA-DR+ | 22.51 (11.26) | 15.9 (11.06) | 3.03 | |
| Percentage of T8 terminally differentiated | 32.35 (18.21) | 22.98 (17.32) | 2.74 | |
| Percentage of T4 | 60.9 (10.24) | 66.77 (11.54) | − 2.57 | |
| tPA | 13.58 (6.24) | 10.51 (6.09) | 2.55 | |
| Percentage of T8 HLA-DR+ | 47.89 (18.53) | 39.5 (17.48) | 2.43 | |
| Percentage of T8 | 33.22 (10.96) | 28.45 (10.16) | 2.37 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+ | 36.86 (16.98) | 29.26 (16.42) | 2.34 | |
| Lymphocytes | 2179.32 (763.19) | 1904.7 (593.2) | 2.34 | |
| IgG | 10.74 (2.16) | 9.93 (2.07) | 1.98 | |
| Percentage of T8 exhausted CD279+ | 20.62 (18.36) | 15.93 (12.13) | 1.96 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+CD28−CD27− | 25.94 (17.09) | 19.93 (15.68) | 1.94 | |
| Percentage of alternative monocytes CD14loCD16hi | 3.93 (2.58) | 5.53 (4.84) | − 1.67 | |
| Percentage of NK CD57+ | 54.4 (15.15) | 49.21 (16.36) | 1.6 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+CD28− | 29.67 (17.09) | 24.65 (16.03) | 1.58 | |
| sTNFRI | 1.67 (0.42) | 1.55 (0.39) | 1.57 | |
| Percentage of classical monocytes CD14hiCD16lo | 84.32 (7.23) | 79.9 (14.37) | 1.55 | |
| Percentage of T4 central memory | 40.32 (15.23) | 43.62 (11.86) | − 1.41 | |
| sCD14 | 1725.62 (274.65) | 1657.59 (298.19) | 1.15 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38hi | 2.06 (1.83) | 2.66 (2.79) | − 1.09 | |
| Percentage of T8 central memory | 28.14 (12.79) | 30.51 (12.69) | − 0.95 | |
| Percentage of intermediate monocytes CD14hiCD16+ | 9.08 (6.7) | 9.99 (6.73) | − 0.69 | |
| Percentage of T4 CD38+HLA-DR+ | 4.99 (2.1) | 5.36 (3.98) | − 0.47 | |
| Percentage of NK CD56– | 14.85 (12) | 16.4 (17.15) | − 0.46 | |
| IgM | 1.32 (0.77) | 1.26 (0.73) | 0.43 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38+HLA-DR+ | 10.94 (6.19) | 11.63 (8.79) | − 0.4 | |
| Percentage of NK HLA-DR+ | 17.48 (12.22) | 16.55 (12.11) | 0.39 | |
| Percentage of monocytes | 10.23 (6.9) | 9.67 (9.06) | 0.31 | |
| CRP | 3.01 (3.65) | 2.83 (3.68) | 0.26 | |
| Percentage of NK | 8 (4.58) | 8.22 (5.34) | − 0.21 | |
| sEPCR | 148.49 (81.15) | 146.45 (89.39) | 0.12 | |
| Profile 3 | Percentage of T8 terminally differentiated | 41.34 (12.49) | 22.98 (17.32) | 7.67 |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+CD28−CD27− | 36.46 (12.84) | 19.93 (15.68) | 7.63 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+CD28− | 41.04 (11.73) | 24.65 (16.03) | 7.4 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+ | 44.89 (11.88) | 29.26 (16.42) | 6.89 | |
| Percentage of T8 central memory | 20.8 (6.07) | 30.51 (12.69) | − 5.53 | |
| Percentage of T4 | 60.04 (13.06) | 66.77 (11.54) | − 4.22 | |
| Percentage of T8 | 34.36 (10.92) | 28.45 (10.16) | 4.21 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38+HLA-DR+ | 16.75 (12.82) | 11.63 (8.79) | 4.21 | |
| Percentage of T8 naive | 28 (13.42) | 37.19 (16.2) | − 4.11 | |
| Percentage of NK CD57+ | 56.9 (14.01) | 49.21 (16.36) | 3.4 | |
| Percentage of T8 HLA-DR+ | 46.84 (18.3) | 39.5 (17.48) | 3.04 | |
| Percentage of alternative monocytes CD14loCD16hi | 7.41 (6.98) | 5.53 (4.84) | 2.81 | |
| IgM | 1.51 (0.75) | 1.26 (0.73) | 2.5 | |
| Percentage of T8 exhausted CD279+ | 12.34 (9.18) | 15.93 (12.13) | − 2.14 | |
| sEPCR | 122.18 (42.08) | 146.45 (89.39) | − 1.96 | |
| sCD14 | 1594.01 (373.68) | 1657.59 (298.19) | − 1.54 | |
| sCD163 | 624.32 (191.54) | 683.64 (283.54) | − 1.51 | |
| Percentage of NK CD56− | 12.89 (7.33) | 16.4 (17.15) | − 1.48 | |
| Percentage of T4 effector memory | 13.13 (8.14) | 11.47 (9.16) | 1.31 | |
| CRP | 2.17 (2.75) | 2.83 (3.68) | − 1.28 | |
| Lymphocytes | 2007.18 (531.31) | 1904.7 (593.2) | 1.25 | |
| tPA | 9.63 (4.39) | 10.51 (6.09) | − 1.04 | |
| Percentage of monocytes | 8.42 (3.78) | 9.67 (9.06) | − 1 | |
| Percentage of NK HLA-DR+ | 14.92 (9.6) | 16.55 (12.11) | − 0.97 | |
| IgA | 2.36 (0.75) | 2.5 (1.15) | − 0.93 | |
| Percentage of T4 exhausted CD279+ | 9.69 (5.54) | 10.57 (8.83) | − 0.72 | |
| Percentage of T4 CD38+HLA-DR+ | 5.75 (2.47) | 5.36 (3.98) | 0.7 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38hi | 2.92 (4.36) | 2.66 (2.79) | 0.67 | |
| IgG | 10.09 (1.97) | 9.93 (2.07) | 0.56 | |
| Percentage of T4 naive | 40.68 (13.93) | 41.86 (15.87) | − 0.54 | |
| Percentage of T8 effector memory | 9.86 (7.72) | 9.34 (7.17) | 0.53 | |
| Percentage of T4 terminally differentiated | 3.11 (3.19) | 2.75 (5.37) | 0.49 | |
| sTNFRI | 1.57 (0.33) | 1.55 (0.39) | 0.47 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38+ | 30.71 (12.99) | 29.94 (13.49) | 0.41 | |
| Percentage of T4 central memory | 43.08 (10.12) | 43.62 (11.86) | − 0.33 | |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+CD28− | 4.07 (2.91) | 3.83 (5.81) | 0.3 | |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+CD28−CD27− | 3.81 (2.9) | 3.61 (5.8) | 0.25 | |
| Percentage of classical monocytes CD14hiCD16lo | 79.45 (11.29) | 79.9 (14.37) | − 0.23 | |
| Percentage of T4 CD38+ | 51.29 (13.08) | 50.82 (15.71) | 0.22 | |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+ | 6.1 (3.32) | 5.88 (7.87) | 0.2 | |
| Percentage of intermediate monocytes CD14hiCD16+ | 10.15 (6.31) | 9.99 (6.73) | 0.17 | |
| Percentage of T4 HLA-DR+ | 15.76 (6.71) | 15.9 (11.06) | − 0.09 | |
| Percentage of NK | 8.17 (5.42) | 8.22 (5.34) | − 0.07 | |
| Profile 4 | Percentage of T8 central memory | 42.14 (10.29) | 30.51 (12.69) | 6.86 |
| Percentage of T4 central memory | 51.7 (9.52) | 43.62 (11.86) | 5.1 | |
| Percentage of T8 terminally differentiated | 12.58 (8.44) | 22.98 (17.32) | − 4.5 | |
| Percentage of NK HLA-DR+ | 22.92 (13.49) | 16.55 (12.11) | 3.94 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+CD28−CD27− | 12.05 (8.37) | 19.93 (15.68) | − 3.76 | |
| sEPCR | 187.69 (127.81) | 146.45 (89.39) | 3.45 | |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+CD28− | 1.32 (2.19) | 3.83 (5.81) | − 3.24 | |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+CD28−CD27− | 1.16 (2.17) | 3.61 (5.8) | − 3.16 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+CD28− | 18.37 (11.17) | 24.65 (16.03) | − 2.93 | |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+ | 2.83 (2.54) | 5.88 (7.87) | − 2.9 | |
| Lymphocytes | 1704.27 (539) | 1904.7 (593.2) | − 2.53 | |
| Percentage of T4 terminally differentiated | 1.01 (1.82) | 2.75 (5.37) | − 2.42 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+ | 24.16 (11.32) | 29.26 (16.42) | − 2.32 | |
| Percentage of NK CD56− | 21.7 (20.08) | 16.4 (17.15) | 2.32 | |
| CRP | 3.92 (5.13) | 2.83 (3.68) | 2.23 | |
| Percentage of T4 effector memory | 8.93 (3.47) | 11.47 (9.16) | − 2.08 | |
| Percentage of T8 | 25.83 (6.88) | 28.45 (10.16) | − 1.93 | |
| Percentage of T4 | 69.68 (8.17) | 66.77 (11.54) | 1.89 | |
| Percentage of intermediate monocytes CD14hiCD16+ | 11.61 (8.2) | 9.99 (6.73) | 1.8 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38+ | 26.9 (12.4) | 29.94 (13.49) | − 1.69 | |
| Percentage of T4 naive | 38.36 (10.86) | 41.86 (15.87) | − 1.65 | |
| IgG | 9.54 (2.08) | 9.93 (2.07) | − 1.41 | |
| Percentage of T4 exhausted CD279+ | 8.92 (4.47) | 10.57 (8.83) | − 1.4 | |
| IgA | 2.31 (0.78) | 2.5 (1.15) | − 1.27 | |
| Percentage of T4 CD38+ | 48.55 (12.48) | 50.82 (15.71) | − 1.08 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38+HLA-DR+ | 10.41 (6.3) | 11.63 (8.79) | − 1.04 | |
| Percentage of NK | 8.9 (5.15) | 8.22 (5.34) | 0.95 | |
| Percentage of T8 naive | 35.64 (11.54) | 37.19 (16.2) | − 0.72 | |
| IgM | 1.19 (0.86) | 1.26 (0.73) | − 0.67 | |
| Percentage of monocytes | 8.9 (4.19) | 9.67 (9.06) | − 0.64 | |
| Percentage of NK CD57+ | 50.54 (12.77) | 49.21 (16.36) | 0.61 | |
| sCD14 | 1634.07 (315.53) | 1657.59 (298.19) | − 0.59 | |
| Percentage of T4 CD38+HLA-DR+ | 5.07 (1.91) | 5.36 (3.98) | − 0.56 | |
| Percentage of T8 HLA-DR+ | 40.59 (12.26) | 39.5 (17.48) | 0.47 | |
| Percentage of alternative monocytes CD14loCD16hi | 5.82 (4.17) | 5.53 (4.84) | 0.46 | |
| Percentage of T4 HLA-DR+ | 15.31 (5.43) | 15.9 (11.06) | − 0.39 | |
| sCD163 | 671.56 (216.79) | 683.64 (283.54) | − 0.32 | |
| Percentage of T8 effector memory | 9.64 (6.14) | 9.34 (7.17) | 0.31 | |
| tPA | 10.71 (7.88) | 10.51 (6.09) | 0.25 | |
| Percentage of classical monocytes CD14hiCD16lo | 80.24 (10.75) | 79.9 (14.37) | 0.18 | |
| Percentage of T8 exhausted CD279+ | 16.2 (12.07) | 15.93 (12.13) | 0.17 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38hi | 2.72 (2.06) | 2.66 (2.79) | 0.16 | |
| sTNFRI | 1.54 (0.52) | 1.55 (0.39) | − 0.14 | |
| Profile 5 | Percentage of monocytes | 41.04 (33.36) | 9.67 (9.06) | 7.85 |
| Percentage of T4 CD38+HLA-DR+ | 18.86 (13.95) | 5.36 (3.98) | 7.68 | |
| Percentage of classical monocytes CD14hiCD16lo | 31.83 (37.9) | 79.9 (14.37) | − 7.58 | |
| Percentage of NK CD56− | 65.91 (35.69) | 16.4 (17.15) | 6.54 | |
| Percentage of T4 HLA-DR+ | 46.66 (33.09) | 15.9 (11.06) | 6.3 | |
| Percentage of NK CD57+ | 16.1 (19.1) | 49.21 (16.36) | − 4.59 | |
| Percentage of NK | 4.23 (4.07) | 8.22 (5.34) | − 1.7 | |
| IgG | 8.48 (1.54) | 9.93 (2.07) | − 1.58 | |
| Percentage of T4 CD38+ | 40.04 (14.8) | 50.82 (15.71) | − 1.56 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38+ | 20.92 (11.12) | 29.94 (13.49) | − 1.52 | |
| Percentage of alternative monocytes CD14loCD16hi | 3.16 (5.94) | 5.53 (4.84) | − 1.11 | |
| Percentage of T8 effector memory | 12.76 (6.82) | 9.34 (7.17) | 1.08 | |
| IgA | 2.99 (1.28) | 2.5 (1.15) | 0.95 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38hi | 1.55 (0.92) | 2.66 (2.79) | − 0.9 | |
| IgM | 0.97 (0.24) | 1.26 (0.73) | − 0.9 | |
| Percentage of intermediate monocytes CD14hiCD16+ | 7.37 (11.31) | 9.99 (6.73) | − 0.88 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+ | 23.5 (12.51) | 29.26 (16.42) | − 0.79 | |
| Lymphocytes | 2110 (431.86) | 1904.7 (593.2) | 0.78 | |
| Percentage of T8 central memory | 34.27 (13.99) | 30.51 (12.69) | 0.67 | |
| Percentage of T8 terminally differentiated | 17.9 (18.36) | 22.98 (17.32) | − 0.67 | |
| tPA | 8.76 (6.84) | 10.51 (6.09) | − 0.65 | |
| CRP | 3.86 (3.34) | 2.83 (3.68) | 0.64 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+CD28− | 20.29 (13.26) | 24.65 (16.03) | − 0.62 | |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+CD28−CD27− | 5.14 (10.52) | 3.61 (5.8) | 0.6 | |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+CD28− | 5.26 (10.51) | 3.83 (5.81) | 0.56 | |
| sCD163 | 613.39 (191.72) | 683.64 (283.54) | − 0.56 | |
| Percentage of T4 exhausted CD279+ | 8.51 (5.55) | 10.57 (8.83) | − 0.53 | |
| Percentage of T8 senescent CD57+CD28−CD27− | 16.71 (14.99) | 19.93 (15.68) | − 0.47 | |
| Percentage of CD8 | 26.38 (8.14) | 28.45 (10.16) | − 0.46 | |
| Percentage of T8 exhausted CD279+ | 18.34 (11.25) | 15.93 (12.13) | 0.45 | |
| Percentage of T8 HLA-DR+ | 42.78 (23.01) | 39.5 (17.48) | 0.43 | |
| sTNFRI | 1.48 (0.3) | 1.55 (0.39) | − 0.41 | |
| Percentage of T4 terminally differentiated | 3.68 (7.41) | 2.75 (5.37) | 0.4 | |
| sCD14 | 1610 (228.56) | 1657.59 (298.19) | − 0.36 | |
| Percentage of T4 | 68.56 (9.39) | 66.77 (11.54) | 0.35 | |
| Percentage of T4 central memory | 41.9 (11.33) | 43.62 (11.86) | − 0.33 | |
| Percentage of T8 naive | 35.08 (14.41) | 37.19 (16.2) | − 0.3 | |
| Percentage of T8 CD38+HLA-DR+ | 12.73 (9.87) | 11.63 (8.79) | 0.28 | |
| sEPCR | 156.75 (70.83) | 146.45 (89.39) | 0.26 | |
| Percentage of T4 naive | 43.03 (17.31) | 41.86 (15.87) | 0.17 | |
| Percentage of NK HLA-DR+ | 15.72 (8.84) | 16.55 (12.11) | − 0.16 | |
| Percentage of T4 senescent CD57+ | 6.3 (11.33) | 5.88 (7.87) | 0.12 | |
| Percentage of T4 effector memory | 11.38 (8.06) | 11.47 (9.16) | − 0.02 |
Markers are presented from the most to the least characteristic by profile.