Table 3.

Mechanism of the CHMs that promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis and their active components on tumor cells and the TME.

CHMs	Active components	Tumor cells					TME		Blood circulation	References
		Apoptosis induction	Proliferation inhibition	Autophagy regulation	Anti-multidrug resistance	Migration and invasion inhibition	Anti-angiogenesis	Tregs	Platelet aggregation
Panax notoginseng (san qi)	Notoginsenoside R1, R7, and Ft1	√	√			√			√	[218–221]
Rhizome chuanxiong (chuan xiong)	Ligustrazine	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	[222,223]
Salvia miltiorrhiza (dan shen)	Tanshinone I and IIA	√	√	√		√	√		√	[224–226]
	Cryptotanshinone	√	√			√	√		√	[226,227]
	Rosmarinic acid	√	√	√		√	√		√	[228–230]
	Danshensu	√	√			√				[231]
	Salvianolic acid	√	√				√		√	[232,233]
	Dihydrotanshinone	√	√	√		√	√		√	[234–236]
Crocus sativus (xi hong hua)	Crocin and Crocetin	√	√						√	[237–239]
Erigeron breviscapus (deng zhan xi xin)	Scutellarin	√	√			√	√		√	[240,241]
Flos carthami (hong hua)	Hydroxysafflor yellow A	√	√				√		√	[242,243]
Rhodiola rosea (hong jing tian)	Salidroside	√	√			√	√		√	[244,245]
Cortex moutan radicis (mu dan pi)	Paeonol	√	√						√	[246,247]
Ardisia japonica (ai di cha)	Bergenin		√			√				[248]
Peach kernel (tao ren)	Amygdalin	√	√			√			√	[249,250]
	Naringenin	√	√		√			√	√	[9,251,252]
Rhizoma curcumae (e zhu)	Curcumin	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	[9,253–256]
	Curcumol	√	√	√		√	√			[257,258]