Table 5.
Mechanism of the CHMs that strengthen vital energy and consolidate body resistance and their active components on tumor cells and the TME.
| CHMs | Active components | Tumor cells | TME | References | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apoptosis induction | Proliferation inhibition | Autophagy regulation | Anti-multidrug resistance | Migration and invasion inhibition | CSCs population reduction | Anti-angiogenesis | TAFs | DCs | TAMs | NK cells | T cells | MDSCs | |||
| Panax ginseng (ren shen) | Ginsenoside Rg3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [218,293–297] | ||
| Ginsenoside Rg1, Rh2, Rg5, Rh4, Rk3, Rb2, Rb1, Rd, F2, and CK | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [218,293–302] | ||||||
| Radix polygalae (Yuan zhi) | Onjisaponin B | √ | [303] | ||||||||||||
| Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi) | Ganoderic acid | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [304,305] | |||||||
| Semen ziziphi spinosae (suan zao ren) | Jujuboside A/B | √ | [306] | ||||||||||||
| Dioscorea opposite (shan yao) | Diosgenin | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [307] | ||||||||
| Fructus ligustri lucidi (nv zhen zi) | Oleuropein | √ | √ | √ | √ | [308] | |||||||||
| Verbascoside | √ | √ | √ | [309,310] | |||||||||||
| Fructus schisandrae chinensis (wu wei zi) | Kadsuphilactone B | √ | [311] | ||||||||||||
| Deoxyschizandrin | √ | √ | [312] | ||||||||||||
| Schisandrin B | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [313] | |||||||||
| Atractylodes macrocephalae (bai zhu) | Atractylone, Atractylenolides I and III | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [314] | |||||||
| β-Eudesmol | √ | √ | √ | [315] | |||||||||||
| β-Elemene | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [316] | |||||
| Ophiopogon japonicus (mai dong) | Ophiopogonin D | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [317] | ||||||||
| Ophiopogonin B | √ | √ | √ | √ | [318] | ||||||||||
| Herba epimedium (yin yang huo) | Icariin | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [319,320] | |||||
| Baohuoside I | √ | √ | √ | [321,322] | |||||||||||
| Fructus psoraleae (bu gu zhi) | Psoralen and Isopsoralen | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [323,324] | ||||||
| Bakuchiol | √ | √ | √ | [325] | |||||||||||
| Isobavachalcone | √ | √ | √ | [326] | |||||||||||
| Acanthopanax senticosus (ci wu jia) | Sesamin | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [327,328] | ||||||||
| Puerarin | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [329–331] | |||||||||
| Radix astragali (huang qi) | Astragaloside I/II/III | √ | √ | √ | √ | [332] | |||||||||
| Astragaloside IV | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [333,334] | ||||||
| Dendrobii caulis (shi hu) | Gigantol | √ | √ | √ | [335,336] | ||||||||||
| Dendrofalconerol A | √ | √ | [337] | ||||||||||||
| Erianin | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [338–341] | |||||||||
| Radix angelicae sinensis (dang gui) | Imperatorin, Decursin, and Imperatorol | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [342–344] | ||||||||
| Ferulic acid | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √[ | √[ | [345–347] | |||||||