Table 2.

Adjusted^a mean outcome measures at each visit and mean change from baseline to 2, 6, 12, and 18 months.

	F&S! Plus					F&S!

Outcomes over time	Outcome measure	Change from baseline				Outcome measure	Change from baseline				Significance of difference in mean change between groups	Significance of overall group^*visit interaction

	Mean ± SE	Mean^b ± SE	%^c	p^d	(N)	Mean ± SE	Mean^b ± SE	%^c	p^d	(N)	p^e	p
Weight, kg												< .0001
Baseline	93.1 ± 1.1				(N = 203)	93.7 ± 1.1				(N = 210)	–
2 Mon	91.2 ± 1.1	−2.0 ± 0.2	−2.1%	^***	(N = 191)	93.2 ± 1.1	−0.5 ± 0.2	−0.6%	^**	(N = 191)	< 0.0001
6 Mon	91.1 ± 1.1	−2.0 ± 0.3	−2.2%	^***	(N = 175)	92.9 ± 1.1	−0.8 ± 0.3	−0.9%	^**	(N = 171)	0.0009
12 Mon	91.4 ± 1.1	−1.7 ± 0.3	−1.8%	^***	(N = 154)	92.8 ± 1.1	−0.9 ± 0.3	−1.0%	^**	(N = 168)	0.049
18 Mon	91.8 ± 1.2	−1.3 ± 0.3	−1.4%	^***	(N = 174)	92.8 ± 1.2	−0.9 ± 0.3	−1.0%	^**	(N = 181)	0.40
BMI, kg/m²												< 0.0001
Baseline	34.7 ± 0.4				(N = 203)	35.0 ± 0.4				(N = 210)
2 Mon	34.0 ± 0.4	−0.7 ± 0.1	−2.1%	^***	(N = 191)	34.8 ± 0.4	−0.2 ± 0.1	−0.5%	^**	(N = 191)	< 0.0001
6 Mon	34.0 ± 0.4	−0.8 ± 0.1	−2.2%	^***	(N = 175)	34.7 ± 0.4	−0.3 ± 0.1	−0.9%	^**	(N = 171)	0.0009
12 Mon	34.1 ± 0.4	−0.6 ± 0.1	−1.9%	^***	(N = 154)	34.7 ± 0.4	−0.3 ± 0.1	−0.9%	^**	(N = 168)	0.04
18 Mon	34.2 ± 0.4	−0.5 ± 0.1	−1.4%	^***	(N = 174)	34.7 ± 0.4	−0.3 ± 0.1	−0.9%	^**	(N = 181)	0.39
Waist circumference, cm												0.0003
Baseline	113.9 ± 0.5				(N = 201)	111.8 ± 0.5				(N = 210)
2 Mon	111.1 ± 0.5	−2.9 ± 0.4	−2.5%	^***	(N = 191)	111.3 ± 0.5	−0.5 ± 0.4	−0.4%		(N = 191)	< 0.0001
6 Mon	110.5 ± 0.6	−3.4 ± 0.5	−3.0%	^***	(N = 175)	110.8 ± 0.6	−1.0 ± 0.5	−0.9%		(N = 171)	0.0006
12 Mon	111.2 ± 0.7	−2.7 ± 0.6	−2.4%	^***	(N = 155)	111.4 ± 0.6	−0.4 ± 0.6	−0.3%		(N = 168)	0.004
18 Mon	111.9 ± 0.7	−2.0 ± 0.5	−1.8%	^***	(N = 174)	110.4 ± 0.6	−1.4 ± 0.5	−1.2%	^*	(N = 181)	0.39
Healthy Eating Index 2010^f												0.004
Baseline	65.9 ± 0.7				(N = 197)	66.7 ± 0.7				(N = 203)
2 Mon	70.6 ± 0.7	4.7 ± 0.7	7.1%	^***	(N = 183)	68.8 ± 0.7	2.1 ± 0.7	3.1%	^**	(N = 185)	0.005
6 Mon	67.9 ± 0.8	2.0 ± 0.7	3.1%	^**	(N = 166)	67.5 ± 0.8	0.8 ± 0.7	1.2%		(N = 161)	0.24
12 Mon	66.4 ± 0.7	0.6 ± 0.7	0.9%		(N = 150)	68.0 ± 0.7	1.3 ± 0.7	2.0%		(N = 158)	0.47
18 Mon	66.9 ± 0.8	1.0 ± 0.7	1.5%		(N = 164)	66.7 ± 0.8	0.0 ± 0.7	0.0%		(N = 169)	0.33
PASE physical activity score^g												0.23
Baseline	99.6 ± 4.2				(N = 199)	99.2 ± 4.2				(N = 210)
2 Mon	128.7 ± 4.9	29.1 ± 4.8	29.2%	^***	(N = 184)	113.3 ± 5.0	14.1 ± 4.7	14.2%	^**	(N = 184)	0.03
6 Mon	117.1 ± 5.2	17.5 ± 5.0	17.6%	^***	(N = 172)	114.6 ± 5.2	15.4 ± 5.0	15.5%	^**	(N = 169)	0.77
12 Mon	111.2 ± 5.0	11.6 ± 4.9	11.7%	^*	(N = 153)	106.2 ± 4.9	7.0 ± 4.8	7.0%		(N = 163)	0.50
18 Mon	111.7 ± 4.8	12.2 ± 4.9	12.2%	^*	(N = 171)	104.4 ± 4.8	5.2 ± 4.8	5.3%		(N = 178)	0.32
WOMAC pain (0−20)^h												0.004
Baseline	5.4 ± 0.2				(N = 203)	5.7 ± 0.2				(N = 210)
2 Mon	4.1 ± 0.2	−1.4 ± 0.2	−25.1%	^***	(N = 191)	5.2 ± 0.2	−0.5 ± 0.2	−8.8%	^*	(N = 192)	0.01
6 Mon	3.9 ± 0.3	−1.5 ± 0.3	−27.2%	^***	(N = 174)	5.1 ± 0.3	−0.6 ± 0.3	−11.1%	^*	(N = 173)	0.03
12 Mon	4.5 ± 0.3	−0.9 ± 0.3	−16.7%	^**	(N = 156)	5.0 ± 0.3	−0.7 ± 0.3	−12.0%	^*	(N = 169)	0.57
18 Mon	4.5 ± 0.3	−0.9 ± 0.3	−16.4%	^**	(N = 174)	4.8 ± 0.3	−1.0 ± 0.3	−16.7%	^**	(N = 182)	0.88
WOMAC physical function (0–68)^h												0.004
Baseline	17.7 ± 0.9				(N = 203)	17.8 ± 0.9				(N = 210)
2 Mon	12.2 ± 0.9	−5.5 ± 0.8	−31.0%	^***	(N = 191)	15.8 ± 0.9	−1.9 ± 0.7	−10.8%	^*	(N = 191)	0.0009
6 Mon	12.8 ± 1.0	−4.9 ± 0.9	−27.5%	^***	(N = 174)	16.1 ± 1.0	−1.7 ± 0.9	−9.4%	^*	(N = 173)	0.01
12 Mon	13.6 ± 0.9	−4.1 ± 0.9	−23.4%	^***	(N = 156)	15.7 ± 0.9	−2.0 ± 0.9	−11.5%		(N = 169)	0.09
18 Mon	14.2 ± 1.0	−3.5 ± 0.9	−19.5%	^***	(N = 174)	15.2 ± 1.0	−2.6 ± 0.9	−14.7%	^**	(N = 182)	0.48
WOMAC stiffness (0–8)^h												0.049
Baseline	3.1 ± 0.1				(N = 203)	3.2 ± 0.1				(N = 210)
2 Mon	2.4 ± 0.1	−0.6 ± 0.1	−21.2%	^***	(N = 191)	2.9 ± 0.1	−0.3 ± 0.1	−10.2%	^**	(N = 192)	0.06
6 Mon	2.6 ± 0.1	−0.5 ± 0.1	−15.5%	^***	(N = 174)	2.7 ± 0.1	−0.5 ± 0.1	−15.9%	^***	(N = 173)	0.81
12 Mon	2.6 ± 0.1	−0.5 ± 0.1	−15.2%	^***	(N = 156)	2.7 ± 0.1	−0.6 ± 0.1	−17.6%	^***	(N = 169)	0.57
18 Mon	2.6 ± 0.1	−0.4 ± 0.1	−13.4%	^**	(N = 174)	2.6 ± 0.1	−0.6 ± 0.1	−18.3%	^***	(N = 182)	0.32
Six-minute walk, m												0.0005
Baseline	360.8 ± 6.2				(N = 201)	357.7 ± 6.2				(N = 208)
2 Mon	411.2 ± 6.8	50.5 ± 4.4	14.0%	^***	(N = 190)	380.6 ± 6.8	22.9 ± 4.4	6.4%	^***	(N = 189)	< 0.0001
6 Mon	390.1 ± 7.3	29.3 ± 5.1	8.1%	^***	(N = 173)	371.0 ± 7.3	13.3 ± 5.2	3.7%	^*	(N = 165)	0.03
12 Mon	384.0 ± 7.5	23.2 ± 5.3	6.4%	^***	(N = 154)	367.7 ± 7.4	10.0 ± 5.3	2.8%		(N = 164)	0.08
18 Mon	373.5 ± 7.7	12.8 ± 5.8	3.5%	^*	(N = 168)	357.2 ± 7.7	−0.6 ± 5.8	−0.2%		(N = 173)	0.10
Chair stands in 30 s												0.26
Baseline	8.8 ± 0.2				(N = 203)	8.8 ± 0.2				(N = 209)
2 Mon	10.6 ± 0.2	1.8 ± 0.2	20.4%	^***	(N = 187)	10.2 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.2	15.0%	^***	(N = 188)	0.08
6 Mon	10.4 ± 0.3	1.7 ± 0.2	18.8%	^***	(N = 172)	10.0 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.2	13.0%	^***	(N = 165)	0.07
12 Mon	10.4 ± 0.3	1.6 ± 0.2	18.3%	^***	(N = 152)	9.8 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.2	11.4%	^***	(N = 162)	0.046
18 Mon	10.2 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.2	15.5%	^***	(N = 170)	9.6 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 0.2	8.2%	^**	(N = 176)	0.045
Anxiety and depression (0−10)ⁱ												0.26
Baseline	2.5 ± 0.1				(N = 203)	2.6 ± 0.1				(N = 210)
2 Mon	2.0 ± 0.1	−0.5 ± 0.1	−19.9%	^***	(N = 191)	2.2 ± 0.1	−0.4 ± 0.1	−13.8%	^***	(N = 190)	0.26
6 Mon	2.1 ± 0.1	−0.4 ± 0.1	−15.9%	^***	(N = 174)	2.4 ± 0.1	−0.1 ± 0.1	−5.8%		(N = 173)	0.07
12 Mon	2.1 ± 0.1	−0.4 ± 0.1	−15.1%	^***	(N = 156)	2.4 ± 0.1	−0.1 ± 0.1	−5.0%		(N = 169)	0.08
18 Mon	2.2 ± 0.1	−0.3 ± 0.1	−12.2%	^**	(N = 174)	2.3 ± 0.1	−0.2 ± 0.1	−9.3%	^*	(N = 182)	0.66

From repeated-measures linear models with a fully specified (unstructured) covariance matrix and the baseline value included in the outcome vector. Covariates included in models: Iteration, baseline WOMAC physical function (except for the WOMAC physical function model), and baseline BMI (except for the weight and BMI models).

Estimated mean change is the difference between the follow-up and baseline adjusted means.

Percent change is mean change divided by the adjusted baseline mean.

Test for within-group change different from 0

p < 0.05

^**

p < 0.01

^***

p < 0.001.

Test for difference in change between groups.

A higher score indicates higher diet quality. Records with energy values < 500 or > 5000 kcal were excluded from the analysis: 13 at baseline and 2 months, 20 at 6 months, 16 at 12 months, 22 at 18 months.

A higher score indicates greater physical activity.

A higher score indicates greater difficulties due to OA.

ⁱ

A higher score indicates greater anxiety/depression.