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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2020 Nov 4;141:106318. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106318

Table 1:

Beta estimates for the effect of regular and all unemployment insurance programs on suicide rates

Regular UI programsa (2000–2015) All UI programsb (2008–2013)
Bc 95% confidence interval Bc 95% confidence interval
Adults 18–64 −0.009 −0.041, 0.022 −0.018 −0.051, 0.014
Educational attainment
≤high school −0.028 −0.118, 0.064 −0.043 −0.207, 0.122
some college −0.055 −0.120, 0.011 −0.129 −0.270, 0.013
≥college grad 0.053 −0.052, 0.158 0.008 −0.133, 0.149
Race
Non-Hispanic White −0.228 −0.329, −0.128 −0.224 −0.460, 0.013
All other groups 0.122 −0.017, 0.260 0.239 −0.029, 0.507
Gender
Men −0.120 −0.188, −0.051 −0.085 −0.237, 0.068
Women 0.081 0.016, 0.146 −0.011 −0.150, 0.128
Age (years)
18–24 0.152 0.059, 0.245 0.227 0.027, 0.427
25–34 −0.015 −0.081, 0.051 −0.021 −0.166, 0.124
35–44 −0.019 −0.084, 0.046 −0.051 −0.186, 0.084
45–54 −0.107 −0.174, −0.040 −0.146 −0.291, −0.001
55–64 −0.147 −0.227, −0.067 −0.136 −0.309, 0.037
a

Regular Programs includes State UI, UCFE, and UCX. Estimates are expressed per 10 percentage point increase.

b

All Programs includes Emergency programs and Extended Benefit programs in addition to regular programs. Estimates are expressed per 10 percentage point increase.

c

Models include terms for state, year, and quarter (Jan-Mar, Apr-Jun, Jul-Sep, Oct-Dec) fixed effects, state specific linear (state*year) and quadratic (state*year*year) time trends, state quarterly unemployment rate and minimum wage, state yearly gross state product, personal income, and number of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families recipients. Referent groups are strata with the largest number of suicides: high school or less for education, White for race, men for gender, and 45–54 years for age.