Table 3.
Participation across activities and environmental support of youth with and without craniofacial microsomia (CFM)
| Youth with CFM | Youth without CFM receving services | Youth without CFM not receiving services | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 120 | n = 140 | n = 136 | p | |
| Participation frequency, M (SD) | ||||
| Neighborhood outings | 5.19 (1.20) | 5.18 (1.18) | 5.31 (1.27) | - |
| Community events | 3.10 (1.75) | 3.57 (1.74) | 3.51 (1.60) | - |
| Organized physical activities | 3.83 (2.74) | 4.44 (2.53) | 4.69 (2.37) | - |
| Unstructured physical activities | 4.70 (2.00) | 4.76 (1.83) | 5.07 (1.89) | - |
| Classes and lessons (not schoolsponsored) | 2.01 (2.55) | 2.49 (2.50) | 2.55 (2.54) | - |
| Organizations, groups, clubs, and volunteer or leadership activities | 1.84 (2.26) | 2.08 (2.26) | 2.38 (2.31) | - |
| Religious or spiritual gatherings and activities | 3.02 (2.46) | 3.06 (2.35) | 3.53 (2.33) | - |
| Getting together with other children in the community | 3.99 (2.04) | 4.43 (1.86) | 4.79 (2.03) | - |
| Working for pay | 2.38 (2.40) | 2.50 (2.38) | 2.71 (2.27) | - |
| Overnight visits or trips | 2.37 (1.57) | 2.79 (1.35) | 2.93 (1.48) | - |
| Level of involvement, Mdn (IQR) | ||||
| Neighborhood outings | 5.00 (1.00) | 4.00 (1.00) | 5.00 (1.00) | - |
| Community events | 5.00 (2.00) | 5.00 (1.00) | 5.00 (1.00) | - |
| Organized physical activities | 5.00 (1.00) | 5.00 (1.00) | 5.00 (0.50) | - |
| Unstructured physical activities | 5.00 (1.00) | 5.00 (2.00) | 5.00 (1.00) | - |
| Classes and lessons (not schoolsponsored) | 5.00 (1.00) | 5.00 (2.00) | 5.00 (1.00) | - |
| Organizations, groups, clubs, and volunteer or leadership activities | 5.00 (2.00) | 4.50 (2.00) | 5.00 (1.00) | - |
| Religious or spiritual gatherings and activities | 4.00 (2.00) | 4.00 (2.00) | 4.00 (2.00) | - |
| Getting together with other children in the community | 5.00 (1.00) | 5.00 (1.00) | 5.00 (1.00) | - |
| Working for pay | 4.00 (2.00) | 5.00 (2.00) | 5.00 (1.00) | - |
| Overnight visits or trips | 5.00 (1.00) | 5.00 (1.00) | 5.00 (0.00) | - |
| Desire for change in participation, n (%) | ||||
| Neighborhood outings | 19 (15.83) | 26 (18.57) | 20 (14.71) | 0.802 |
| Community events | 39 (32.50) | 46 (32.86) | 36 (26.47) | 0.290 |
| Organized physical activities | 52 (43.33) | 55 (39.29) | 32 (23.53) | 0.001 |
| Unstructured physical activities | 61 (50.83) | 75 (53.57) | 53 (38.97) | 0.057 |
| Classes and lessons (not schoolsponsored) | 58 (48.33) | 66 (47.14) | 53 (38.97) | 0.131 |
| Organizations, groups, clubs, and volunteer or leadership activities | 67 (55.83) | 72 (51.43) | 51 (37.50) | 0.003 |
| Religious or spiritual gatherings and activities | 54 (45.00) | 72 (51.43) | 57 (41.91) | 0.619 |
| Getting together with other children in the community | 50 (41.67) | 52 (37.14) | 33 (24.26) | 0.003 |
| Working for pay | 57 (47.50) | 70 (50.00) | 54 (39.71) | 0.209 |
| Overnight visits or trips | 35 (29.17) | 36 (25.71) | 21 (15.44) | 0.008 |
| Environmental supports, M (SD) | ||||
| Physical layout | 98.02 (10.03) | 93.05 (16.29) | 95.56 (15.13) | - |
| Sensory quality | 89.64 (20.24) | 93.29 (16.63) | 97.79 (8.32) | - |
| Physical demands of activity | 93.79 (16.28) | 95.44 (14.02) | 98.28 (8.43) | - |
| Cognitive demands of activity | 94.68 (15.02) | 93.96 (16.23) | 98.77 (6.30) | - |
| Social demands of activity | 89.55 (19.83) | 94.24 (16.02) | 96.57 (11.67) | - |
| Relations with peers | 90.40 (18.54) | 95.68 (11.93) | 97.06 (11.09) | - |
| Attitudes | 93.79 (14.42) | 95.68 (12.58) | 98.53 (6.87) | - |
| Weather conditions | 92.37 (15.35) | 88.25 (18.33) | 90.44 (18.55) | - |
| Safety | 95.24 (13.92) | 92.33 (18.96) | 93.38 (18.06) | - |
| Personal transportation | 97.76 (9.44) | 97.12 (11.69) | 98.52 (8.98) | - |
| Public transportation | 92.72 (19.96) | 91.37 (21.36) | 91.36 (22.29) | - |
| Programs and services | 96.61 (13.35) | 94.69 (15.20) | 95.06 (14.97) | - |
| Information | 94.64 (13.09) | 93.87 (14.17) | 93.99 (15.46) | - |
| Equipment and supplies | 95.76 (12.04) | 93.33 (16.19) | 94.40 (15.11) | - |
| Time | 90.77 (16.87) | 91.24 (16.30) | 92.97 (16.01) | - |
| Money | 90.86 (17.39) | 89.78 (19.62) | 91.41 (18.82) | - |
Note. CFM = Craniofacial microsomia; Mdn=Median; IQR=Interquartile range; n=number of participants; M=Mean; SD= Standard deviation
P-values are based on comparison between youth with CFM and youth without CFM who do not receive services